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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the US, projected to cause more than 915,000 deaths in 2025. It is estimated that someone dies from CVDs every 34 seconds. These conditions account for 1 in 5 total deaths, with heart disease and stroke being the largest contributors.

Iron overload can generate reactive oxygen species through the Fenton reaction (27, 28), which further triggers inflammatory responses, damages vascular endothelial cells, and increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, research has shown that high red meat consumption is associated with cardiovascular disease, and individuals with higher red meat intake often have elevated serum ferritin levels.

This meta-analysis included ten studies: eight longitudinal and three cross-sectional. The cross-sectional studies showed that stroke patients had significantly higher serum ferritin levels than controls. Longitudinal studies have suggested a 22% increased risk of stroke in individuals with higher serum ferritin levels.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1539407/full (2025).-- This study evaluates the association between serum ferritin levels, coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, and two-year survival outcomes. It also examines correlations between ferritin and clinical parameters, such as age and creatinine. A total of 300 patients with CAD underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Ferritin is strongly associated with CAD severity and mortality.

https://reference-global.com/download/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-0011.pdf (2025).-

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