Great report. Don’t forget to chop or scrape your broccoli to get a good dose of sulforaphane! Sulforaphane is also produced in the gut. In the gut, glucoraphanin (GRP) becomes available to the gut microbiota, which can metabolize it to SFN, SFN-nitrile, glucoerucin, erucin, or erucin-nitrile . Notably, a positive association was established between members of the genera Dorea , Bifidobacterium , and R. torques and the excretion of SFN metabolites. Genera such as Lactococcus , Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , Bacteroides , Pseudomonas , Staphylococcus , Enterococcus , and Streptomyces may also potentially exhibit myrosinase-like activity. Collectively, the composition, metabolic activity, and functionality of the gut microbiota significantly affect GL metabolism. In particular, the individual microbial pattern can vary considerably between individuals, as can the level/composition of GRP metabolites produced by the microbiota. However, to our knowledge, dietary GRP consumption enhances its microbial hydrolysis rates. Therefore, regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables may potentially contribute to the formation of higher concentrations of SFN. Sulforaphane alleviates intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, maintaining intestinal homeostasis and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, the role of sulforaphane in breaking the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis is described, demonstrating the potential of dietary isothiocyanates to support intestinal barrier function.
Great report. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary fiber intake on human health. Mechanistic research has shown that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend largely on their physicochemical characteristics, one of which is solubility. Compared to insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber is easily accessible and metabolized by microorganisms that degrade it in the gut, producing a range of beneficial and functional metabolites.
In a study based on the significant abundance of potential pathogens, the microbiota of the non-vegetarian group showed an abundance of potential pathogen strains such as Bilophila wadsworthia, Escherichia coli, and E. hermannii, while that of the vegetarian group only contained Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results implied that the microbiota of vegetarians, with a high abundance of P. copri and a low variety of potential pathogens, could be a way to maintain good health. Both polyphenols and dietary fibers play a crucial role in protecting human health and can produce butyrate through fermentation by the gut microbiota. The interaction of polyphenols with dietary fibers affects their bioaccessibility in the upper and lower digestive tract. Dietary fibers, polyphenols, their conjugates, and their metabolites modulate the population and diversity of the microbiome. Consuming polyphenol-rich dietary fibers, such as pomegranate, cranberry, berries, and tea, improves gut health.
We should note that in recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms involved has deepened, indicating the crucial role of the gut microbiota in this process through the production of SCFAs and other functional metabolites. Declining dietary fiber intake over the centuries has fostered a gut microbiota detrimental to human health, leading to a global epidemic of diabetes, cancer, and other non-communicable diseases. Gut microbiota responses to increased dietary fiber availability may vary depending on the type, level, and duration of intake, demonstrating specific cutoff thresholds for each dietary fiber type.
Dietary fiber can be classified into three types based on the physiological properties of their resistant carbohydrate polymerization with 3–9 monomeric units (MU): 1) non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (MU ≥ 10); 2) resistant starches (RS) (MU ≥ 10); and 3) resistant/indigestible oligosaccharides (ROS) (MU: 3–9). NSPs primarily include cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, inulin, and various hydrocolloids. Inulin is a fructan containing 2–60 fructose units. When MU < 10, inulin is also recognized as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), well-documented prebiotics. RS can be further classified into RS 1 to RS 5, which can be derived from ground grains and seeds (RS 1), raw potatoes, corn and green bananas (RS 2), cooked and cooled potatoes and corn flakes (RS 3), bakery products (RS 4), and fried rice chips (RS 5). ROS consist of 3–9 MU, many of which were named after polymerized monosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and galactosides. Dietary fibers escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are fermented by bacteria in the colon. The degree of polymerization, particle size, solubility, viscosity, and other characteristics of dietary fiber can influence fiber fermentability and bacterial specificity. Fibers with a low degree of polymerization can be degraded into small molecules in the intestine with rapid fermentation; Small particles are more likely to be exposed to microbial enzymes; whereas soluble and viscous fibers, with a high water-holding and stool-forming capacity and therefore limited exposure to microbes, are resistant to fermentation. The diverse interactions between monomer chains and enzymes influence bacterial growth, resulting in the fiber-specific gut microbiota.
Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) were hydrolyzed extracellularly by Bifidobacteria in the human colon, releasing monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides accessible to butyrate producers, the secondary degraders. During the utilization and metabolism of polysaccharides by bacteria, multiple metabolites were generated, including gases (e.g., H 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 ), lactate, succinate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
The most abundant SCFAs are acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFAs can be utilized by intestinal mucosal cells as energy sources, with butyrate being the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes. Absorbed SCFAs are transferred to the circulation via the hepatic portal vein to act as signaling molecules and can activate complex downstream molecular pathways in the liver, brain, lungs, pancreas, bone, adipose tissue, and other organs. SCFAs play crucial regulatory roles in host metabolic homeostasis, immunological processes, maintenance of intestinal barriers, neurobiology, skeletal functions, and suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis , and have been shown to be beneficial to human health. SCFAs have multiple beneficial effects on the epithelial, immune, nervous, and vascular systems . A decrease in the production of these metabolites has been linked to several diseases such as intestinal inflammation, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and atherosclerosis . SCFAs play a crucial role in improving gastrointestinal health by acting locally in the gut. These metabolites help preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier, thereby aiding nutrient absorption and blocking pathogens and harmful substances. Hypotheses regarding the possible mechanisms of fiber's anti-inflammatory effects include a direct impact on immune cells (e.g., for pectin), fermentation to pleiotropic short-chain fatty acids (only for fermentable fiber), modulation of the gut microbiome toward greater levels of diversity, changes in bile acid metabolism, differential release of gut hormones (such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP]), and improvement in insulin resistance. Furthermore, the contribution of phytate-mediated antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action should be considered. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Altered microbiota composition is termed dysbiosis, which has been associated with a state of systemic inflammation and chronic stress.
Dr. Jacob believes that DMSO would kill the pharmaceutical industry's interests because it's a drug that could end so much suffering. Jack de la Torre, professor of neurosurgery and physiology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque, a pioneer in the use of DMSO and closed head injury, says, "The FDA had an idea for years, thinking DMSO was some kind of snake oil medicine. There were people there who were turned away from studying the compound even though they knew very little about it." The FDA recently granted Dr. de la Torre permission to conduct clinical trials in the field of closed head injury. https://www.drmarcofranzreb.com/blog/2013/07/23/dmso-many-applications-and-one-big-controversy/ .-----
The Midwestern Doctor reports referenced by Dr. Mercola are a major breakthrough in the use of DMSO.
So many articles encouraging use of DMSO for many issues but EXACT OR EVEN SUGGESTED PROTOCOLS are never given in your articles. With mainstream doctors either unfamiliar or rejecting its use, how are we supposed to make use of DMSO???? You also point out it is safe IF USED CORRECTLY. So we cant experiment with dosing either. So how are we supposed to take advantage of the seemingly miracle natural cure??
Great report. Don’t forget to chop or scrape your broccoli to get a good dose of sulforaphane! Sulforaphane is also produced in the gut. In the gut, glucoraphanin (GRP) becomes available to the gut microbiota, which can metabolize it to SFN, SFN-nitrile, glucoerucin, erucin, or erucin-nitrile . Notably, a positive association was established between members of the genera Dorea , Bifidobacterium , and R. torques and the excretion of SFN metabolites. Genera such as Lactococcus , Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , Bacteroides , Pseudomonas , Staphylococcus , Enterococcus , and Streptomyces may also potentially exhibit myrosinase-like activity. Collectively, the composition, metabolic activity, and functionality of the gut microbiota significantly affect GL metabolism. In particular, the individual microbial pattern can vary considerably between individuals, as can the level/composition of GRP metabolites produced by the microbiota. However, to our knowledge, dietary GRP consumption enhances its microbial hydrolysis rates. Therefore, regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables may potentially contribute to the formation of higher concentrations of SFN. Sulforaphane alleviates intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, maintaining intestinal homeostasis and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, the role of sulforaphane in breaking the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis is described, demonstrating the potential of dietary isothiocyanates to support intestinal barrier function.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1497566/full (2025).--
Great report. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary fiber intake on human health. Mechanistic research has shown that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend largely on their physicochemical characteristics, one of which is solubility. Compared to insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber is easily accessible and metabolized by microorganisms that degrade it in the gut, producing a range of beneficial and functional metabolites.
In a study based on the significant abundance of potential pathogens, the microbiota of the non-vegetarian group showed an abundance of potential pathogen strains such as Bilophila wadsworthia, Escherichia coli, and E. hermannii, while that of the vegetarian group only contained Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results implied that the microbiota of vegetarians, with a high abundance of P. copri and a low variety of potential pathogens, could be a way to maintain good health. Both polyphenols and dietary fibers play a crucial role in protecting human health and can produce butyrate through fermentation by the gut microbiota. The interaction of polyphenols with dietary fibers affects their bioaccessibility in the upper and lower digestive tract. Dietary fibers, polyphenols, their conjugates, and their metabolites modulate the population and diversity of the microbiome. Consuming polyphenol-rich dietary fibers, such as pomegranate, cranberry, berries, and tea, improves gut health.
We should note that in recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms involved has deepened, indicating the crucial role of the gut microbiota in this process through the production of SCFAs and other functional metabolites. Declining dietary fiber intake over the centuries has fostered a gut microbiota detrimental to human health, leading to a global epidemic of diabetes, cancer, and other non-communicable diseases. Gut microbiota responses to increased dietary fiber availability may vary depending on the type, level, and duration of intake, demonstrating specific cutoff thresholds for each dietary fiber type.
Dietary fiber can be classified into three types based on the physiological properties of their resistant carbohydrate polymerization with 3–9 monomeric units (MU): 1) non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (MU ≥ 10); 2) resistant starches (RS) (MU ≥ 10); and 3) resistant/indigestible oligosaccharides (ROS) (MU: 3–9). NSPs primarily include cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, inulin, and various hydrocolloids. Inulin is a fructan containing 2–60 fructose units. When MU < 10, inulin is also recognized as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), well-documented prebiotics. RS can be further classified into RS 1 to RS 5, which can be derived from ground grains and seeds (RS 1), raw potatoes, corn and green bananas (RS 2), cooked and cooled potatoes and corn flakes (RS 3), bakery products (RS 4), and fried rice chips (RS 5). ROS consist of 3–9 MU, many of which were named after polymerized monosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and galactosides. Dietary fibers escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are fermented by bacteria in the colon. The degree of polymerization, particle size, solubility, viscosity, and other characteristics of dietary fiber can influence fiber fermentability and bacterial specificity. Fibers with a low degree of polymerization can be degraded into small molecules in the intestine with rapid fermentation; Small particles are more likely to be exposed to microbial enzymes; whereas soluble and viscous fibers, with a high water-holding and stool-forming capacity and therefore limited exposure to microbes, are resistant to fermentation. The diverse interactions between monomer chains and enzymes influence bacterial growth, resulting in the fiber-specific gut microbiota.
Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) were hydrolyzed extracellularly by Bifidobacteria in the human colon, releasing monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides accessible to butyrate producers, the secondary degraders. During the utilization and metabolism of polysaccharides by bacteria, multiple metabolites were generated, including gases (e.g., H 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 ), lactate, succinate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
The most abundant SCFAs are acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFAs can be utilized by intestinal mucosal cells as energy sources, with butyrate being the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes. Absorbed SCFAs are transferred to the circulation via the hepatic portal vein to act as signaling molecules and can activate complex downstream molecular pathways in the liver, brain, lungs, pancreas, bone, adipose tissue, and other organs. SCFAs play crucial regulatory roles in host metabolic homeostasis, immunological processes, maintenance of intestinal barriers, neurobiology, skeletal functions, and suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis , and have been shown to be beneficial to human health. SCFAs have multiple beneficial effects on the epithelial, immune, nervous, and vascular systems . A decrease in the production of these metabolites has been linked to several diseases such as intestinal inflammation, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and atherosclerosis . SCFAs play a crucial role in improving gastrointestinal health by acting locally in the gut. These metabolites help preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier, thereby aiding nutrient absorption and blocking pathogens and harmful substances. Hypotheses regarding the possible mechanisms of fiber's anti-inflammatory effects include a direct impact on immune cells (e.g., for pectin), fermentation to pleiotropic short-chain fatty acids (only for fermentable fiber), modulation of the gut microbiome toward greater levels of diversity, changes in bile acid metabolism, differential release of gut hormones (such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP]), and improvement in insulin resistance. Furthermore, the contribution of phytate-mediated antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action should be considered. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Altered microbiota composition is termed dysbiosis, which has been associated with a state of systemic inflammation and chronic stress.
https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/156024 (2010).--
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)30592-X (2016).--
https://www.jmb.or.kr/journal/view.html?doi=10.4014/jmb.1603.03057 (2016).--
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29089173/ (2018).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1214 (2019).--
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1424390319301012 (2019).--
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-020-00375-4 (2020).--
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31123355/ (2020).--
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623619/ (2020).--
https://earsiv.odu.edu.tr/jspui/handle/11489/1492 (2020).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6802 (2021).-
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/13/2559 (2022).--
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/12/2507 (2022).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/6971 (2024).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/15/8250 (2024).--
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/3/444 (2025).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2000 (2025).--
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/3/1335 (2025).--
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/9/1496 (2025).--
Dr. Jacob believes that DMSO would kill the pharmaceutical industry's interests because it's a drug that could end so much suffering. Jack de la Torre, professor of neurosurgery and physiology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque, a pioneer in the use of DMSO and closed head injury, says, "The FDA had an idea for years, thinking DMSO was some kind of snake oil medicine. There were people there who were turned away from studying the compound even though they knew very little about it." The FDA recently granted Dr. de la Torre permission to conduct clinical trials in the field of closed head injury. https://www.drmarcofranzreb.com/blog/2013/07/23/dmso-many-applications-and-one-big-controversy/ .-----
The Midwestern Doctor reports referenced by Dr. Mercola are a major breakthrough in the use of DMSO.
https://www.midwesterndoctor.com/p/dmso-is-a-miraculous-therapy-for?hide_intro_popup=true .----
https://www.midwesterndoctor.com/p/the-remarkable-history-and-safety.--
Some other references on the right path to fighting cancer with DMSO.
https://cancercenterforhealing.com/dmso-cancer-treatment/ .---
https://zenonco.io/cancer-cells/the-role-of-dmso-in-cancer-treatment
Do so wish the good doc would address overcoming sensitivity to DMSO.
So many articles encouraging use of DMSO for many issues but EXACT OR EVEN SUGGESTED PROTOCOLS are never given in your articles. With mainstream doctors either unfamiliar or rejecting its use, how are we supposed to make use of DMSO???? You also point out it is safe IF USED CORRECTLY. So we cant experiment with dosing either. So how are we supposed to take advantage of the seemingly miracle natural cure??