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Insomnia is a risk factor for numerous diseases, including common infections and autoimmune diseases. arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depression or Alzheimer's disease and immune system dysfunctions - The relationship between sleep and immunity as well as stress is bidirectional, since inflammation can cause drowsiness, but also in some pathological conditions, Just like stress and a prolonged inflammatory response, it can also disrupt the circadian rhythm. As we age, it becomes more difficult to consistently achieve deep non-REM sleep, leading to a buildup of toxic proteins such as amyloid beta and tau in the brain, associated with Alzheimer's disease.

A study shows that slow and steady cardiac and cardiopulmonary activity, associated with deep non-REM sleep, is most optimal for glymphatic system function. Sleep deprivation causes immunosuppression plus susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/9/2159 (2022).-----

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/904 (2022).----

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2022.2109932 (2022).---

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/PPA.S398188 (2023).---

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938424000556 (2024).--

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jn.00429.2023 (2024).--

https://safer.uct.cl/index.php/SAFER/article/view/742 (2025).--

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/3584/scientists-discover-previously-unknown-cleansing-system-in-brain.aspx.-----

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STR.0000000000000453 (2024).--

The composition and functionality of the gut microbiota are associated with the duration of REM sleep and continuous glucose levels.

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgad258/7158584?login=false (2023).--

The relationship between intestinal health and sleep quality is reciprocal. Lack of sleep harms the hormonal control of food intake, the immune system, stress, etc., and has an impact on your intestinal health. An altered microbiota causes greater systemic intoxication and sleep deregulation. Probiotics and prebiotics, from fermented foods and food fibers, are essential for sleep regulation. Current contributions have described several underlying factors that could be involved during sleep, such as the immune system, the vagus nerve, the neuroendocrine system and bacterial metabolites.

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/mar/19/is-your-gut-keeping-you-awake-at-night (2018).---

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0361923021003610 (2022).--

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40168-022-01452-3 (2023).---

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9603 (2023).---

The risk of colorectal cancer was higher in patients with sleep disorders (OR= 1.29). The risk of colorectal cancer was higher in patients who have sleep disorders with depression compared to those without the condition (OR = 5.69).

http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/33/2/573.abstract (2019).--

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4547 (2023).---

Sleep disorders associated with prostate cancer risk. The overall incidence of prostate cancer was higher (OR=1.42). An age-specific analysis revealed a 1.35-fold increased risk of prostate cancer in patients over 65 years of age. Also in another study, taking a regular nap was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-019-5361-6 (2019)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pros.24345 (2022)

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