In 2021, EFSA re-evaluated titanium dioxide to consider the impacts of its nanoparticle. After considering further studies, EFSA concluded that nanoparticle-sized titanium dioxide can accumulate in the body, break DNA strands and cause chromosomal damage.
European food safety regulators have since labeled titanium dioxide as unsafe for human consumption, due to its potential toxicity.
Animal studies show that titanium dioxide exposure is linked to immunotoxicity, inflammation, and neurotoxicity.
A European ban on titanium dioxide in food went into effect in 2022, but its use remains legal in the US.
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is present in many different food products such as the food additive E171, which is currently being analyzed due to its possible adverse effects, including stimulation of tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract. Whole-genome mRNA analysis revealed modulation of genes in pathways involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle, post-translational modification, nuclear receptor signaling, and circadian rhythm. The processes associated with these genes could be involved in enhanced tumor formation and suggest that E171 may contribute to tumor formation and progression by modulating events related to inflammation, activation of immune responses, cell cycle and signaling. of cancer.
Exposure of humans to nanoparticles (NPs) is inevitable. Several studies revealed that after inhalation or oral exposure, NPs accumulate in, among other places, the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and cardiac muscle. Furthermore, they alter glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice and rats. In a large group of nanoparticles currently used on an industrial scale, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NP) are particularly popular.
Scientific databases report that TiO 2 NPs can induce inflammation due to oxidative stress. They can also have a genotoxic effect that causes, among others, apoptosis or chromosomal instability; it can affect the intestinal mucosa, the brain, the heart and other internal organs. A distribution experiment revealed that TiO 2 pigment particles were mainly found in the tissues of the spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys, so it may lead to an increased risk of developing many diseases, tumors or the progression of cancer. existing cancerous processes, affect blood coagulation in their pulmonary vascular system- In addition, TiO 2 exposure was related to edema in the renal glomerulus and interstitial pneumonia related bone marrow cells, increased the production of inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of TCD4+ cells. Maternal exposure to TiO 2 can also affect the baby's health; The main toxicities of nano-TiO 2 are reproductive and neurotoxicity.
Researchers have found that exposure to nano-TiO 2 can affect food crops. Nanoparticles can be physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface of soil particles, which can decrease or increase their toxicity and bioavailability,
In 2021, EFSA re-evaluated titanium dioxide to consider the impacts of its nanoparticle. After considering further studies, EFSA concluded that nanoparticle-sized titanium dioxide can accumulate in the body, break DNA strands and cause chromosomal damage.
European food safety regulators have since labeled titanium dioxide as unsafe for human consumption, due to its potential toxicity.
Animal studies show that titanium dioxide exposure is linked to immunotoxicity, inflammation, and neurotoxicity.
A European ban on titanium dioxide in food went into effect in 2022, but its use remains legal in the US.
https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2023/08/what-titanium-dioxide
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is present in many different food products such as the food additive E171, which is currently being analyzed due to its possible adverse effects, including stimulation of tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract. Whole-genome mRNA analysis revealed modulation of genes in pathways involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle, post-translational modification, nuclear receptor signaling, and circadian rhythm. The processes associated with these genes could be involved in enhanced tumor formation and suggest that E171 may contribute to tumor formation and progression by modulating events related to inflammation, activation of immune responses, cell cycle and signaling. of cancer.
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/8/1256 (2022)
Exposure of humans to nanoparticles (NPs) is inevitable. Several studies revealed that after inhalation or oral exposure, NPs accumulate in, among other places, the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and cardiac muscle. Furthermore, they alter glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice and rats. In a large group of nanoparticles currently used on an industrial scale, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NP) are particularly popular.
Scientific databases report that TiO 2 NPs can induce inflammation due to oxidative stress. They can also have a genotoxic effect that causes, among others, apoptosis or chromosomal instability; it can affect the intestinal mucosa, the brain, the heart and other internal organs. A distribution experiment revealed that TiO 2 pigment particles were mainly found in the tissues of the spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys, so it may lead to an increased risk of developing many diseases, tumors or the progression of cancer. existing cancerous processes, affect blood coagulation in their pulmonary vascular system- In addition, TiO 2 exposure was related to edema in the renal glomerulus and interstitial pneumonia related bone marrow cells, increased the production of inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of TCD4+ cells. Maternal exposure to TiO 2 can also affect the baby's health; The main toxicities of nano-TiO 2 are reproductive and neurotoxicity.
Researchers have found that exposure to nano-TiO 2 can affect food crops. Nanoparticles can be physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface of soil particles, which can decrease or increase their toxicity and bioavailability,
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-019-01706-6 (2019)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12951-018-0376-8 (2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911023000114 (2023).--