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Most xenobiotics are metabolized and/or bioaccumulated and biomagnified in our tissues and cells, including breast tissues, so xenobiotic metabolism plays an important role in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. Existing evidence on breast cancer risk (BCR) suggests that foodborne chemical carcinogens, environmental pollution, ionizing radiation, and socioeconomic status are closely related to breast carcinogenesis. At the biological pathway level, most xenobiotics interact with endocrine signaling, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, DNA repair, inflammatory response, IGF-1 and NF-κB signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, p53 pathway, xenobiotic metabolism, and other cancer-related pathways. Breast cancer is higher for women who work at night, as exposure to light during the night suppresses melatonin secretion and leads to cancer. Exposure to xenoestrogen (present in plastic packaging, pesticides, etc.), parabens (present in preservatives and cosmetics),

alkylphenols and phytoestrogens are really harmful and can cause BC. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, obesity and late onset of menopause are equally responsible for breast cancer.

During puberty, women's breasts are vulnerable to environmental damage. Early exposure to environmental carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and unhealthy foods (refined sugar, processed fats, food additives) promotes molecular damage that increases the risk of breast cancer.

It is more widely recognized that environmental exposure to chemicals, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, contributes to the development of breast cancer.

The use of cosmetics may be associated with undesirable effects due to the presence of certain chemicals. Among 50 random facial makeup cosmetics, the following substances were identified as potential carcinogens: parabens, ethoxylated compounds, formaldehyde donors, and ethanolamine and its derivatives.

Also consider the danger of deodorants with parabens and/or aluminum. In general, topical application of personal care products containing parabens mimic estrogen, with even greater risk from aluminum in antiperspirants.

Aluminum chloride, the active ingredient in antiperspirants, acts in a similar way to the way oncogenes act to provide molecular transformations in cancer cells. Like parabens, aluminum salts also mimic estrogen and bioaccumulate in breast tissue, which may increase the risk of breast cancer.

Parabens are a group of EDCs commonly found in personal care products, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Systemic exposure to parabens has been confirmed by the ubiquitous detection of parabens in human blood and urine samples. Although evidence from in vivo and epidemiological studies linking paraben exposure to breast cancer is limited, current evidence suggests that parabens may negatively interfere with some endocrine and intracrine targets relevant to breast carcinogenesis

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1873 (2022).--

https://medcraveonline.com/JCPCR/JCPCR-13-00492.pdf (2022).--

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/493 (2020).--

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323996846000112 (2023).- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4780 (2023).-- - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3/402 (2024).--

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