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Most deaths from cancer are due to metastasis, the journey that stem cells take through the body. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy is ineffective and has serious side effects in suppressing stem cells. For this to happen, some of them acquire particular properties: through fundamentally epigenetic mechanisms they become more “liquid”, they detach more easily from the tumor mass. But they also have to be capable of starting a new tumor wherever they nest. In particular, a receptor called CD36, responsible for introducing fatty acids into cells, is abnormally active in these cells.

Natural substances against stem cells are Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (Green tea). Beta carotene (carrot). Green leafy vegetables. Delphinidin (blueberry, raspberry). Isothiocyanate (Cruciferous vegetables). Linalool (Mint). Lycopene (Grapefruit, tomato). Quercetin (Capers, onion). Resveratrol(Grapes, plums, berries). Silibinin (Milk Thistle). Ursolic acid (Thyme, basil, oregano). Vitamin D3 (Fish, egg yolk, beef) and the complete extract of some plants are capable of killing CSCs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523548/ .----

Aging is largely defined as a gradual and progressive time-dependent decline in cellular and organ functions of living organisms, leading to increased susceptibility to chronic diseases, including cancer and death. Senescent cells are involved in a series of biological functions, from embryogenesis to aging. An excessive accumulation of senescent cells is associated with a decrease in regenerative capacity and chronic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by a reduced oxidative capacity and the consequent increase in oxidative damage, contributes decisively and significantly to diseases and biological aging.

Studies are investigating the use of calorie restriction (CR) mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, quercetin and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and alter normal metabolism.

Underline the important role that various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds play in boosting our immune system. Flavonoids are among the broad groups of phenolic substances that possess antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antimutagenic properties. Consumption of polyphenols (such as flavones-3-ols, procyanidins, catechins, flavones, resveratrol, anthocyanidins and flavanones) can help maintain the proper balance.

There is increasing evidence that supplementation with some natural compounds can mimic calorie restriction, protecting mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation, chronic diseases and cancer.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16219 (2022).---

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fft2.129 (2022).---

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092422442200108X (2022).----

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/6/915 (2023).---

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163723001022 (2023).----

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