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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. These diseases include ischemic heart disease, hypertension, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Approximately 1/3 to 1/5 of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases are associated with myocardial infarction and heart failure. Some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are smoking, stress, and diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The application of common therapies for CVD is associated with side effects, that is why the use of herbal medicines is considered because they have fewer side effects and are cheaper. The most abundant bioactive compounds found in cinnamon are catechin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid (Figure 1). .

In these reviews the effectiveness of cinnamon and its various bioactive compounds in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases is stated in the majority of studies in humans and animals. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid are the main compounds with protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of cinnamon on lipid profiles, fasting glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and consequently mortality. Cinnamon influences the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by reducing blood lipids and blood pressure and improving the oxidant:antioxidant balance. In table 1 of the first link some studies on the cardiovascular protective properties of the bioactive components of cinnamon.

https://www.pharmascigroup.us/articles/IJPSDR-10-152.php (2024).--

https://imtj.gmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=3714&slc_lang=en&sid=1&ftxt=1&html=1 (2021).—

Cinnamon has antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), cardioprotective, immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. The anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of these compounds indirectly affect the receptor-mediated mechanism. Recent studies have also demonstrated the possibility of its application in reducing the symptoms of COVID-19 and in preventive treatment by strengthening the immune system.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/648 (2021).--

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-33505-1_17 (2023).--

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13098-023-01057-2 (2023).---

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10068-023-01292-3 (2023).---

This research reported on the antiviral activity of cinnamon essential oil and hoped for great potential to complement and/or combine existing treatment strategies. against SARS-CoV2.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-33505-1_11 (2023)

UNVEILING THE MEDICINAL AND AYURVEDIC MARVELS AND MYSTERIES OF CINNAMON

https://www.xisdxjxsu.asia/V20I02-38.pdf (2024).--

The percentage of cinnamaldehyde found in cinnamon oil can range from 65 to 90%. According to an in-depth review of relevant published research, cinnamaldehyde and its analogs demonstrate several signaling pathways that are effective against cancer. This review provides a summary of recent research on cinnamaldehyde and its congeners as potential candidates for anticancer drugs. Research has shown that cinnamaldehydes have an effect that inhibits the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. This class of compounds was investigated for its possible application in the treatment of cancers, such as leukemia, colon, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, mouth, and breast.

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9488/3/2/13 (2023)

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8191 (2023)

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Forgive my jaded mind but did anyone notice all the studies used the liver toxic form of cinnamon from Cassia instead of Ceylon? As if whoever funded the studies didn't allow Ceylon to be used.

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