Calcium and phosphorus metabolism are interconnected with effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D), serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus concentrations, including intestinal absorption, urinary excretion, and skeletal actions. Many studies have shown that higher phosphorus (P) intakes can have negative effects on the skeleton, while higher calcium (Ca) intakes may be protective. As there can be an optimal balance between nutrients in relation to bone health, interest has focused on the dietary Ca:P ratio. Data from both animal and human research indicate that low Ca:P ratios have a negative impact on the skeleton, but there is also evidence to suggest that high P intakes may have negative effects on health. High dietary phosphorus has been implicated in several processes related to accelerated aging, including increased risk of fractures, cancer proliferation, cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction, and vascular calcification. Currently, dietary phosphorus is estimated to exceed the RDA by 1.5 to 2-fold, which is of particular concern for people with cardiovascular disease. Both high and low dietary phosphorus levels can cause adverse health effects and impair longevity, and it may be important to consider implementing phosphorus analysis as a routine measurement in clinical practice. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-6566-3_10 (2017).--
These documents list the calcium and phosphorus content of a 1-cup serving of each food. Proper bone health and development depend not only on adequate amounts of calcium, but also on an appropriate calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. Feeding a variety of foods helps minimize nutrient imbalances or deficiencies. In general, leafy greens are the best food for most herbivorous animals. Items from the “Ideal Ratio” list can be fed generously, along with items from the “High Ratio” list (preferred foods are in BOLD). Items from the "Moderate Ratio" list can be used. Minimize items on the "Deficient Ca/P Ratio" list, especially items in the lower half of that list; these are foods very low in calcium.
"This review aimed to evaluate the effects of mild-intensity blood flow restriction exercise in patients with cardiac diseases. Unfortunately, very few studies are available in this area, and most are of moderate quality. From these studies, current evidence suggests that BFR combined with lowload exercises can improve muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and functionality in patients with heart disease without requiring high-intensity training. Future studies are needed to determine appropriate indications for prescriptions in cardiovascular patients by extending the follow-up periods, enrolling larger sample sizes, and using specific BFR exercise protocols for these patients." https://www.jfsf.eu/accepted/JFSF-22M-07-023-R1.pdf
BFRT is properly used, efficacy endpoints such as a questionnaire for risk stratification involving a review of the patient’s medical history, signs, and symptoms indicative of underlying pathology is strongly advised. Here we present a model for BFRT pre-participation screening to theoretically reduce risk by excluding people with comorbidities or medically complex histories that could unnecessarily heighten intra- and/or post-exercise occurrence of adverse events. We propose this risk stratification tool as a framework to allow clinicians to use their knowledge, skills and expertise to assess and manage any risks related to the delivery of an appropriate BFRT exercise program. The questionnaires for risk stratification are adapted to guide clinicians for the referral, assessment, and suggestion of other modalities/approaches if/when necessary. Finally, the risk stratification might serve as a guideline for clinical protocols and future randomized controlled trial studies.
A USEFUL BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING RISK STRATIFICATION FOR EXERCISE AND REHABILITATION
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism are interconnected with effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D), serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus concentrations, including intestinal absorption, urinary excretion, and skeletal actions. Many studies have shown that higher phosphorus (P) intakes can have negative effects on the skeleton, while higher calcium (Ca) intakes may be protective. As there can be an optimal balance between nutrients in relation to bone health, interest has focused on the dietary Ca:P ratio. Data from both animal and human research indicate that low Ca:P ratios have a negative impact on the skeleton, but there is also evidence to suggest that high P intakes may have negative effects on health. High dietary phosphorus has been implicated in several processes related to accelerated aging, including increased risk of fractures, cancer proliferation, cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction, and vascular calcification. Currently, dietary phosphorus is estimated to exceed the RDA by 1.5 to 2-fold, which is of particular concern for people with cardiovascular disease. Both high and low dietary phosphorus levels can cause adverse health effects and impair longevity, and it may be important to consider implementing phosphorus analysis as a routine measurement in clinical practice. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-6566-3_10 (2017).--
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3001 (2020).--
These documents list the calcium and phosphorus content of a 1-cup serving of each food. Proper bone health and development depend not only on adequate amounts of calcium, but also on an appropriate calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. Feeding a variety of foods helps minimize nutrient imbalances or deficiencies. In general, leafy greens are the best food for most herbivorous animals. Items from the “Ideal Ratio” list can be fed generously, along with items from the “High Ratio” list (preferred foods are in BOLD). Items from the "Moderate Ratio" list can be used. Minimize items on the "Deficient Ca/P Ratio" list, especially items in the lower half of that list; these are foods very low in calcium.
https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/cc78ef9e/files/uploaded/Vegies-Ca-P-contents-REVISED.pdf
A GOOD CA:P RATIO IS IMPORTANT FOR THE HEALTH OF ALL ANIMALS
CHARTS:
1) Vegetable Chart -- vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, Ca:P ratio -- PRINT
2) Fruit Chart -- vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, Ca:P ratio -- PRINT
3) Vitamin C -- high/low ordered list -- PRINT
4) Calcium -- high/low ordered list -- PRINT
5) Calcium:Phosphorus Ratios -- high/low ordered list -- PRINT
6) Oxalic Acid -- both alphabetic and high/low ordered lists of select vegetables -- PRINT
7) Calcium/Phosphorus Ratio EXCEL Calculator -- enter weight in grams and generate a calcium:phosphorus ratio for a day's worth of foods
https://www.guinealynx.info/diet_ratio.html
"This review aimed to evaluate the effects of mild-intensity blood flow restriction exercise in patients with cardiac diseases. Unfortunately, very few studies are available in this area, and most are of moderate quality. From these studies, current evidence suggests that BFR combined with lowload exercises can improve muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and functionality in patients with heart disease without requiring high-intensity training. Future studies are needed to determine appropriate indications for prescriptions in cardiovascular patients by extending the follow-up periods, enrolling larger sample sizes, and using specific BFR exercise protocols for these patients." https://www.jfsf.eu/accepted/JFSF-22M-07-023-R1.pdf
BFRT is properly used, efficacy endpoints such as a questionnaire for risk stratification involving a review of the patient’s medical history, signs, and symptoms indicative of underlying pathology is strongly advised. Here we present a model for BFRT pre-participation screening to theoretically reduce risk by excluding people with comorbidities or medically complex histories that could unnecessarily heighten intra- and/or post-exercise occurrence of adverse events. We propose this risk stratification tool as a framework to allow clinicians to use their knowledge, skills and expertise to assess and manage any risks related to the delivery of an appropriate BFRT exercise program. The questionnaires for risk stratification are adapted to guide clinicians for the referral, assessment, and suggestion of other modalities/approaches if/when necessary. Finally, the risk stratification might serve as a guideline for clinical protocols and future randomized controlled trial studies.
A USEFUL BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING RISK STRATIFICATION FOR EXERCISE AND REHABILITATION
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8963452/