Articles on carbohydrate and fat metabolism provide a great window into normal diet and disease. Ketones have been shown to sensitize such tumor cells to oxidative stress induced by additional therapy, while normal cells are left unaltered, showing extended survival in therapies that induce oxidative stress such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The experiments
Ketone bodies have activity against ionizing radiation that produces oxidative stress and damage to DNA and RNA. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS and RNS, are ubiquitous in living cells, they are the cause of a wide variety of diseases. A new ester of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate-R-1,3-butanediol, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ketone bodies, the metabolism of which leads to the production of NADPH. Ketone bodies also act by inhibiting histone deacetylases, activating the transcription factor FOXO3, and increasing the transcription of enzymes involved in the destruction of ROS.
It has been discovered that ketone esters can be used to reduce tissue damage if administered before or after radiation exposure. Specifically, the invention relates to esters and oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate that are capable of raising blood levels of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate to levels sufficient to reduce cell death caused by damage induced by radiation to DNA and RNA.
Nrf2 diet also covers electromagnetic fields. Transcription factors are a class of protein that bind to DNA and induce the expression of particular genes, in the case of Nrf2 these are potent antioxidants such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)(R) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), and many others.
Nrf2 diet, also covers electromagnetic fields. Transcription factors are a class of protein that binds to DNA and induces the expression of particular genes, in the case of Nrf2, these are powerful antioxidants such as NAD (P) H, 1 (NQO1) (R) and GST), and many others.
One of the nutritional therapies proposed to support pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarize the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and discuss the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide a source alternative carbon for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and improved survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies can be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite numerous studies indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone can induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
COVID-19 is associated with subclinical myocardial injury. Exogenous ketone esters acutely improve left myocardial function in healthy participants and patients with heart failure.
COVID-19 infection causes cognitive changes in the acute phase, but also after apparent recovery. More than fifty post (long) COVID symptoms are described, including cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”) that prevents return to pre-COVID level of function, with rates twice as high in women. This cognitive dysfunction is associated with altered brain glucose metabolism, assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), which shows regions of the brain that are abnormal compared to age-matched controls and sex. In other cognitive conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), typical patterns of cerebral glucose hypometabolism, frontal hypometabolism, and cerebellar hypermetabolism are common. . Ketone bodies (B-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are produced endogenously with very low carbohydrate intake or on an empty stomach. They improve cerebral energy metabolism in the face of cerebral glucose hypometabolism in other conditions, mild cognitive impairment, MCI and AD. This article hypothesizes that treating neurological symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients using MCT supplements will provide short-term clinical benefit and perhaps aid long-term brain functional recovery.
The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated benefits in numerous clinical studies and animal models of disease in modulating the immune response and promoting a systemic anti-inflammatory state. This investigation reports a reduction in metalloproteases and an increase in the transcription of inflammatory homeostatic proteins in the heart, with a decrease in serum proinflammatory cytokines, metabolic markers of inflammation, and inflammatory prostaglandins, indicative of reduced systemic inflammation in animals infected under KD.
Ketogenic diets have been shown to sensitize such tumor cells to oxidative stress induced by additional therapy, while normal cells are left unchanged or even preserved through enhanced glycolysis downregulation that helps eliminate the high steady state. [ 3. 4 ]. Evidence provided by animal studies hypothesized that ketogenic diets enhance the effects of therapies that induce oxidative stress such as chemotherapy [2, 37]. So far, the ketogenic diet has been examined as a synergistic treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer in a variety of animal and human cancer models [ 2 , 38 ]. Xenograft experiments in rats (N = 3 from each treatment group, control; ketogenic diet; radiation; and ketogenic diet with radiation) showed extended survival and improved 4HNE-modified proteins in animals that were treated with radiation combined with consumption of a ketogenic diet. compared to animals treated with radiation alone (P < 0.05) [26]. Likewise, the ketogenic diet has been shown to improve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiation and chemoradiation sensitivity in xenograft models through a mechanism that promotes oxidative stress of cancer cells [2, 26].
Articles on carbohydrate and fat metabolism provide a great window into normal diet and disease. Ketones have been shown to sensitize such tumor cells to oxidative stress induced by additional therapy, while normal cells are left unaltered, showing extended survival in therapies that induce oxidative stress such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The experiments
Ketone bodies have activity against ionizing radiation that produces oxidative stress and damage to DNA and RNA. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS and RNS, are ubiquitous in living cells, they are the cause of a wide variety of diseases. A new ester of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate-R-1,3-butanediol, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ketone bodies, the metabolism of which leads to the production of NADPH. Ketone bodies also act by inhibiting histone deacetylases, activating the transcription factor FOXO3, and increasing the transcription of enzymes involved in the destruction of ROS.
It has been discovered that ketone esters can be used to reduce tissue damage if administered before or after radiation exposure. Specifically, the invention relates to esters and oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate that are capable of raising blood levels of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate to levels sufficient to reduce cell death caused by damage induced by radiation to DNA and RNA.
https://academic.oup.com/book/29504/chapter-abstract/247652504?redirectedFrom=fulltext (2016).------
https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/19/14/3905/78013/Ketogenic-Diets-Enhance-Oxidative-Stress-and-Radio (2013).---
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0036197 (2013).-----
https://meridian.allenpress.com/radiation-research/article-abstract/187/6/743/150766/Consuming-a-Ketogenic-Diet-while-Receiving (2017).--
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1743-7075-7-33 (2010).--
Nrf2 diet also covers electromagnetic fields. Transcription factors are a class of protein that bind to DNA and induce the expression of particular genes, in the case of Nrf2 these are potent antioxidants such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)(R) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), and many others.
Nrf2 diet, also covers electromagnetic fields. Transcription factors are a class of protein that binds to DNA and induces the expression of particular genes, in the case of Nrf2, these are powerful antioxidants such as NAD (P) H, 1 (NQO1) (R) and GST), and many others.
https://www.mygenefood.com/blog/activating-nrf2-pathway-nutrition-need-know/ .----
https://www.vital-reaction.com/blogs/news/nrf2-explained-in-human-terms ..----
https://transcendingsquare.com/tag/nrf2-promoting-foods/
One of the nutritional therapies proposed to support pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarize the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and discuss the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide a source alternative carbon for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and improved survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies can be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite numerous studies indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone can induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/6/1262 (2023).---
COVID-19 is associated with subclinical myocardial injury. Exogenous ketone esters acutely improve left myocardial function in healthy participants and patients with heart failure.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1131192/full (2023).---
COVID-19 infection causes cognitive changes in the acute phase, but also after apparent recovery. More than fifty post (long) COVID symptoms are described, including cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”) that prevents return to pre-COVID level of function, with rates twice as high in women. This cognitive dysfunction is associated with altered brain glucose metabolism, assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), which shows regions of the brain that are abnormal compared to age-matched controls and sex. In other cognitive conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), typical patterns of cerebral glucose hypometabolism, frontal hypometabolism, and cerebellar hypermetabolism are common. . Ketone bodies (B-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are produced endogenously with very low carbohydrate intake or on an empty stomach. They improve cerebral energy metabolism in the face of cerebral glucose hypometabolism in other conditions, mild cognitive impairment, MCI and AD. This article hypothesizes that treating neurological symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients using MCT supplements will provide short-term clinical benefit and perhaps aid long-term brain functional recovery.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10320593/ (2023).---
The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated benefits in numerous clinical studies and animal models of disease in modulating the immune response and promoting a systemic anti-inflammatory state. This investigation reports a reduction in metalloproteases and an increase in the transcription of inflammatory homeostatic proteins in the heart, with a decrease in serum proinflammatory cytokines, metabolic markers of inflammation, and inflammatory prostaglandins, indicative of reduced systemic inflammation in animals infected under KD.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-05478-7 (2023).---
Ketogenic diets have been shown to sensitize such tumor cells to oxidative stress induced by additional therapy, while normal cells are left unchanged or even preserved through enhanced glycolysis downregulation that helps eliminate the high steady state. [ 3. 4 ]. Evidence provided by animal studies hypothesized that ketogenic diets enhance the effects of therapies that induce oxidative stress such as chemotherapy [2, 37]. So far, the ketogenic diet has been examined as a synergistic treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer in a variety of animal and human cancer models [ 2 , 38 ]. Xenograft experiments in rats (N = 3 from each treatment group, control; ketogenic diet; radiation; and ketogenic diet with radiation) showed extended survival and improved 4HNE-modified proteins in animals that were treated with radiation combined with consumption of a ketogenic diet. compared to animals treated with radiation alone (P < 0.05) [26]. Likewise, the ketogenic diet has been shown to improve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiation and chemoradiation sensitivity in xenograft models through a mechanism that promotes oxidative stress of cancer cells [2, 26].
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667394023000072