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Cancer, the second cause of death worldwide, is one of the biggest public health problems and causes the annual mortality of 10 million people. One of these compounds is allicin, which is a powerful bioactive in garlic. In addition, the antibacterial, cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of allicin are also described. Several studies have claimed that most of the lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-cancer effects of whole garlic, as observed in animals and humans, are subject to allicin, or its spontaneously transforming compounds (allyl polysulfides), or its common metabolite (allylmethyl sulfide, AMS) that contribute to the appearance and progression of cancer. When the garlic clove is minced or broken, it is activates allicin. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide, allylmethyl trisulfide, dithiins, and ajonvinyl dithiins are some of the metabolites of allicin.

Figure 1 and 4 show a summary of the characteristics of cancer that can potentially be attacked by allicin, which are:---

1) Genomic instability is a crucial characteristic of all cancer cells [which is mainly manifested as chromosomal, intrachromosomal, microsatellite and epigenetic instability and has been associated with malignant cancers.---

2) Induction of apoptosis--

3) Role of allicin in sustained proliferative signaling for uncontrolled growth and proliferation---

4) Evasion of cancer cells to evade anti-growth signaling--

5) Tumorigenesis and suppression of carcinogenic activity--

6) Dysregulated tumor metabolism where cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet their increased nutritional needs for dysregulated growth--

7) Tumor-promoting inflammation---

8) Inhibition of angiogenesis, blood vessels plays a critical role in the growth and progression of the disease.---

9) Metastasis---

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1320 (2024).--

The anticancer potential of numerous sulfur-containing compounds and other bioactive components of garlic has been widely studied in colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanisms of its antitumor effects are associated with the modulation of several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression as well as apoptotic pathways. Garlic has high concentrations of zinc, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus and a moderate level of selenium, magnesium, calcium, iron, sodium, manganese and vitamins. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified in garlic, including polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sulfur-containing compounds (such as alliin, ajoene, allicin, DATS, allylpropyl disulfide, S-allylcysteine (SAC), vinyldithiins, poly- saccharides, enzymes (including myrosinase, allinase, and peroxidase), and other compounds including phellandrene, β-phellandrene, linalool, geraniol, and citral. Table 1 summarizes the best reported garlic phytoconstituents that have shown significant anticancer potential.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-023-03166-0 (2023).---

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730668/ (2023).--

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1300330/abstract (2023).---

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.8108 (2024).--

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/802 (2024)

GARLIC IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nutrition-research-reviews/article/garlic-in-health-and-disease/C70F38FF67A0A21547898B2641240B8E

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