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Years before developing diabetes, people with insulin resistance could be more likely to develop abnormal heart rhythms, which can put them at higher risk of sudden death, according to research we funded and presented today at the British Cardiovascular Society conference .

https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/news-from-the-bhf/news-archive/2021/june/insulin-resistance-linked-to-increased-risk-of-sudden- death (2021).---

Insulin resistance is a cause of a series of metabolic disorders called metabolic syndrome. Most people with heart disease are resistant to insulin, which leads to the same target—elevated blood sugar, increased triglycerides, reduced HDL, elevated inflammation (CRP and homocysteine), oxidized cholesterol, increased risk blood clotting, high blood pressure, which result in an increased risk of heart attack, stroke and diabetes.

Insulin resistance (IR) is implicated in atherosclerosis through numerous pathophysiologies, causing a variety of problems from stroke and kidney failure to congestive heart failure (CHF) and myocardial infarction (MI).

Insulin resistance is unable to exert its maximal effects on target tissues, including skeletal muscles, liver, and adipose tissue. This alteration of insulin signaling pathways results in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension, all of which are predisposing factors to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. .

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069006/ (2023).—

https://bjmas.org/index.php/bjmas/article/view/543 (2023).--

https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/217920/20240124-3320-e3mdat.pdf (2023).--

There are a variety of causes of chest pain, ranging from benign to life-threatening. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most of which can cause chest pain, especially coronary artery disease, affect more than 18.2 million adults in the US and are the leading cause of death for both men and women. The triglyceride and glucose ratio (TyG) was positively related to a higher incidence of chest pain. Furthermore, the TyG index was associated with all-cause mortality not only in participants with chest pain but also in those without chest pain.

https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-024-02209-y (2024).---

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00247-1/fulltext (2023).--

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel indicator to predict the risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. BMI was calculated as the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol × waist-to-height ratio. CMI is related to insulin resistance (IR), impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1341828/full (2024).---

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246614/ (2023).--

Insulin resistance (IR) contributes more significantly to cardiovascular disease morbidity and non-fatal myocardial infarction in women than in men.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12933-023-02093-y (2024).--

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