Interesting analysis to enhance metabolic health while maintaining an adequate weight. Many overweight or obese people exceed their energy needs but do not meet their vitamin and mineral needs. People with obesity are at risk for several micronutrient deficiencies, including insufficiency in iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate…
Interesting analysis to enhance metabolic health while maintaining an adequate weight. Many overweight or obese people exceed their energy needs but do not meet their vitamin and mineral needs. People with obesity are at risk for several micronutrient deficiencies, including insufficiency in iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate, and vitamins A, B 12, C, D, and E. Poor diet quality and excessive consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrition foods and added sugars are considered major contributors to nutrient deficiencies in the U.S. Poor diet quality and Micronutrients cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases.
In the analysis of micronutrient intake from both diet and supplements, people who maintained weight loss met recommendations for most micronutrients and were significantly more likely than people with obesity and stable weight to meet with the estimated average requirements of copper, magnesium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin C. In a previous study, women who maintained weight loss in the National Weight Control Registry were found to have a significantly higher intake of vitamins A and C and calcium compared to adult women in NHANES III. Adequate intake of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E has been associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis and improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Adequate dietary intake of vitamin B has been shown to be important in cognitive function and is associated with a lower risk of dementia and depression. A higher level of magnesium has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, mortality from ischemic heart disease, incidence of diabetes. Most people maintaining weight loss (76.6%) and people with obesity and stable weight (68.6%) reported taking supplements in the past year.
Long-term weight loss maintenance was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, including consumption of foods with higher micronutrient density. People maintaining weight loss reported less sitting time than people with obesity and stable weight and a high-quality diet in various food retail settings. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of high-protein diets to improve the maintenance of weight loss report beneficial effects in the short term, which however dissipate over time
This review analyzes the main deficiencies associated with obesity, its clinical consequences and the evidence on possible supplementation. Iron; vitamins A, B, C, D and E; folic acid; zinc; and copper deficiencies represent the most common deficient microelements. The relationship between obesity and multiple micronutrient deficiencies is still unclear and different mechanisms have been proposed. The most relevant deficits and their causes are summarized in Table 3. In Figure 3, a flow chart is proposed for the early diagnosis and monitoring of micronutrient deficiency in the obese patient to limit the adverse effects related to malnutrition.
Interesting analysis to enhance metabolic health while maintaining an adequate weight. Many overweight or obese people exceed their energy needs but do not meet their vitamin and mineral needs. People with obesity are at risk for several micronutrient deficiencies, including insufficiency in iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate, and vitamins A, B 12, C, D, and E. Poor diet quality and excessive consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrition foods and added sugars are considered major contributors to nutrient deficiencies in the U.S. Poor diet quality and Micronutrients cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases.
In the analysis of micronutrient intake from both diet and supplements, people who maintained weight loss met recommendations for most micronutrients and were significantly more likely than people with obesity and stable weight to meet with the estimated average requirements of copper, magnesium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin C. In a previous study, women who maintained weight loss in the National Weight Control Registry were found to have a significantly higher intake of vitamins A and C and calcium compared to adult women in NHANES III. Adequate intake of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E has been associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis and improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Adequate dietary intake of vitamin B has been shown to be important in cognitive function and is associated with a lower risk of dementia and depression. A higher level of magnesium has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, mortality from ischemic heart disease, incidence of diabetes. Most people maintaining weight loss (76.6%) and people with obesity and stable weight (68.6%) reported taking supplements in the past year.
Long-term weight loss maintenance was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, including consumption of foods with higher micronutrient density. People maintaining weight loss reported less sitting time than people with obesity and stable weight and a high-quality diet in various food retail settings. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of high-protein diets to improve the maintenance of weight loss report beneficial effects in the short term, which however dissipate over time
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950482/ (2019).—
https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S0212-16112022000400015&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en (2022).--
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/oby.23148 (2021).
https://europepmc.org/article/med/32542589 (2020).--
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221226722400145X (2024).--
This review analyzes the main deficiencies associated with obesity, its clinical consequences and the evidence on possible supplementation. Iron; vitamins A, B, C, D and E; folic acid; zinc; and copper deficiencies represent the most common deficient microelements. The relationship between obesity and multiple micronutrient deficiencies is still unclear and different mechanisms have been proposed. The most relevant deficits and their causes are summarized in Table 3. In Figure 3, a flow chart is proposed for the early diagnosis and monitoring of micronutrient deficiency in the obese patient to limit the adverse effects related to malnutrition.
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/4/695 (2023).---
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