The well-established role of vitamin B6 as a coenzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA from glutamate is established. However, other mechanisms of action cannot be ruled out. Marmite contains high levels of vitamin B12 and other B vitamins that have their own potential mechanisms of action. While we believe that the results may reflect an additive or synergistic effect of the active ingredients, here we present a direct test of the hypothesis that high-dose vitamin B6 supplementation may influence behavioral outcomes related to neuronal inhibition and general level. of excitement. Such an influence may be predicted because, in addition to its role as a coenzyme in the conversion of excitatory glutamate to inhibitory GABA, vitamin B6 participates in other pathways that likely reduce neuronal excitation; It is a coenzyme for the production of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine; acts as a cofactor in the kynurenine pathway in which it reduces the amount of quinolinic acid, which is an agonist of the excitatory NMDA receptor, which is involved in the homocysteine-cysteine cycle and through this reduces homocysteine levels, which It is an NMDA receptor agonist. Also through the homocysteine-cysteine cycle it provides cysteine to the glutathione cycle, which reduces levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, converting it into glutathione.
Vitamin B12 is able to substitute for B6 in the homocysteine-cysteine cycle and therefore shares two of the possible arousal-reducing pathways described above with vitamin B6. But in addition, vitamin B12 may indirectly influence balance through its role in maintaining myelin integrity. These findings contrast with the traditional view that myelin primarily wraps long-range excitatory axons and contributes to a Growing consensus that the role of myelin in the brain is more complex and dynamic than previously thought.
It has been shown that supplementation with an adequate dose of a single vitamin (B6) can influence behavioral outcomes such as anxiety. This approach is more effective than multivitamin studies in identifying candidate mechanisms. In the case of B6, surround suppression of visual contrast detection was also found to increase, arguing for an underlying GABA-related inhibitory mechanism. Since envelope suppression is abnormal in many patient groups, this suggests that the efficacy of high doses of vitamin B6 needs to be determined in these groups; For example, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is effective as a treatment for severe migraine, but B6 given alone has also been found to be effective for migraine with visual symptoms, and several other studies have produced positive results. B6 results as part of a combination supplement for migraine. Furthermore, measuring the effects of other candidate micronutrients on the same outcome variables as those used here can identify a list of micronutrients that could be combined as happens in Marmite.
The well-established role of vitamin B6 as a coenzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA from glutamate is established. However, other mechanisms of action cannot be ruled out. Marmite contains high levels of vitamin B12 and other B vitamins that have their own potential mechanisms of action. While we believe that the results may reflect an additive or synergistic effect of the active ingredients, here we present a direct test of the hypothesis that high-dose vitamin B6 supplementation may influence behavioral outcomes related to neuronal inhibition and general level. of excitement. Such an influence may be predicted because, in addition to its role as a coenzyme in the conversion of excitatory glutamate to inhibitory GABA, vitamin B6 participates in other pathways that likely reduce neuronal excitation; It is a coenzyme for the production of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine; acts as a cofactor in the kynurenine pathway in which it reduces the amount of quinolinic acid, which is an agonist of the excitatory NMDA receptor, which is involved in the homocysteine-cysteine cycle and through this reduces homocysteine levels, which It is an NMDA receptor agonist. Also through the homocysteine-cysteine cycle it provides cysteine to the glutathione cycle, which reduces levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, converting it into glutathione.
Vitamin B12 is able to substitute for B6 in the homocysteine-cysteine cycle and therefore shares two of the possible arousal-reducing pathways described above with vitamin B6. But in addition, vitamin B12 may indirectly influence balance through its role in maintaining myelin integrity. These findings contrast with the traditional view that myelin primarily wraps long-range excitatory axons and contributes to a Growing consensus that the role of myelin in the brain is more complex and dynamic than previously thought.
It has been shown that supplementation with an adequate dose of a single vitamin (B6) can influence behavioral outcomes such as anxiety. This approach is more effective than multivitamin studies in identifying candidate mechanisms. In the case of B6, surround suppression of visual contrast detection was also found to increase, arguing for an underlying GABA-related inhibitory mechanism. Since envelope suppression is abnormal in many patient groups, this suggests that the efficacy of high doses of vitamin B6 needs to be determined in these groups; For example, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is effective as a treatment for severe migraine, but B6 given alone has also been found to be effective for migraine with visual symptoms, and several other studies have produced positive results. B6 results as part of a combination supplement for migraine. Furthermore, measuring the effects of other candidate micronutrients on the same outcome variables as those used here can identify a list of micronutrients that could be combined as happens in Marmite.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hup.2852 (2022).--