Sleep deprivation suppresses melatonin, triggering inflammation and weakening immunity. Learn how to rebuild melatonin naturally to restore immune resilience.
Vitamin D is involved in the production of melatonin, a crucial sleep hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. In a way, vitamin D and melatonin are like two sides of the same circadian rhythm coin: daylight stimulates vitamin D production, while darkness stimulates melatonin production. Insufficient melatonin can cause insomnia or sleep disorders, and a common indicator of low melatonin is waking up groggy and unrested in the morning.
Melatonin and vitamin D3 (VD3) had similar absorption rates, but VD3 significantly inhibited melatonin absorption until the melatonin concentration was clearly higher than that of VD3.
A 3-week treatment course was initiated with low-dose melatonin (0.5 mg/day) combined with a single administration of oral vitamin D (50,000 IU/week and 1,000 IU/day). Combined vitamin D and melatonin therapy will accumulate therapeutic efficacy and help avoid high doses and long-term treatment courses in chronic insomnia.
Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are consistent with low levels of melatonin and vitamin D, and also represent risk factors related to the development and maintenance of prevalent acute and chronic pathologies.
Melatonin synthesis and secretion are suppressed by light and increased by darkness. Melatonin exerts its effects primarily through different pathways, with the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) being the predominant receptor types, expressed mainly in many mammalian organs. Melatonin helps regulate sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. In addition, melatonin acts as an antioxidant and eliminates excess free radicals generated in the body due to its anti-excitatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin exhibits a wide variety of other functions, including oncostatic, sleep-inducing, immune-regulating, reproductive, puberty-synchronizing, and mood-regulating effects.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-administered questions and 5 questions scored by the patient's partner or roommate.
https://www.sleep.pitt.edu/psqi (2026). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) for insomnia should include cognitive, behavioral, and educational components.
1) Cognitive interventions: Cognitive restructuring attempts to change inaccurate or counterproductive thoughts about sleep.
2) Behavioral interventions: Controlling stimuli before bedtime, sleep restriction and compression, and incorporating relaxation techniques help establish healthy bedtime habits.
3) Providing information about the connection between thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and sleep is fundamental in CBT-I. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) reduces sleep time and improves sleep efficiency, decreasing nighttime awakenings and the severity of insomnia. It reduces cortical hyperactivation during sleep and increases the stability of NREM sleep.
The effects are long-lasting, even after therapy ends. The link is very interesting:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032724014952?utm_source=chatgpt.com (2025).- In addition to the serotonin-melatonin pathway, recent studies converge on the idea that insomnia is not corrected with "sedation," but rather with a reduction in hyperactivation (cortisol + sympathetic nervous system) and restoration of the GABA system. Sleep improves when the brain stops being in "threat mode" and returns to "GABAergic inhibition mode." GABAergic inhibition is the main mechanism for reducing neuronal excitability in the central nervous system of mammals.
The most recent research (2025-2026) has delved deeper into the connection between the gut-brain axis and how GABA not only calms the mind but also regulates the inflammatory and hormonal response to chronic stress.
A comprehensive review explaining how GABA produced by the gut microbiota (the "gut-derived GABA") communicates with the central nervous system. It analyzes how this process can break the vicious cycle where stress elevates cortisol, which in turn disrupts sleep and increases emotional vulnerability.
A comprehensive review explaining how GABA produced by the gut microbiota ("gut-derived GABA") communicates with the central nervous system. It analyzes how this process can break the vicious cycle where stress elevates cortisol, which in turn disrupts sleep and increases emotional vulnerability. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1570173/full (2025)
Excellent, good links . But I noticed you did not mention Russel Reiter , or Doris LOH (she is on facebook, and post her research papers there) and Russel has been a top researcher of melatonin for 50 years . Doris works with Russel .
Thank you. SHARON, Yes, Russell J. Reiter (University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio) is one of the leading figures in melatonin research, especially in these areas: antioxidants, mitochondria, aging, circadian rhythms, and cancer.
In addition to being absorbed from the bloodstream, melatonin can also be produced in the mitochondria. During evolution, mitochondria likely originated when melatonin-producing bacteria were ingested as food by ancestral prokaryotes. Over time, these bacteria evolved into mitochondria; this is known as the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial origin. In doing so, mitochondria retained the ability to synthesize melatonin. Therefore, melatonin is not only absorbed by mitochondria, but these organelles, in addition to many other functions, likely also produce it. High concentrations of melatonin and its multiple antioxidant actions provide potent antioxidant protection to these organelles, which are exposed to abundant free radicals.
Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial membranes possess transporters that facilitate the rapid uptake of melatonin by these organelles against a concentration gradient. Furthermore, several years ago we predicted that, due to their origin in melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria likely also synthesize melatonin. Data collected over the past year support this prediction. A high melatonin content in mitochondria would be advantageous, as these organelles produce a large number of free radicals. Therefore, melatonin is optimally positioned to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage. In light of the “free radical theory of aging,” including all its variations, high levels of melatonin in mitochondria would be expected to protect against age-related organ deterioration. Furthermore, there are many age-related diseases in which free radical damage is a contributing factor. The onset or progression of these diseases is likely to be delayed if mitochondrial melatonin levels are maintained into old age.
Melatonin is exceptionally effective at reducing oxidative stress in a wide variety of circumstances. It achieves this through several mechanisms: the direct detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and indirectly, by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin has also been reported to chelate transition metals, which participate in the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. By doing so, it reduces the formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, thereby decreasing oxidative stress. The ubiquitous but uneven intracellular distribution of melatonin, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely contributes to its ability to resist oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. There is strong evidence suggesting that melatonin should be classified as a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. Melatonin's ability to prevent oxidative damage and the associated physiological weakening is well-documented in numerous experimental ischemia/reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies, particularly in the brain (stroke) and heart (myocardial infarction).
The ubiquitous but uneven intracellular distribution of melatonin, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely contributes to its ability to resist oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27500468/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23190034/ There is highly credible evidence that melatonin attenuates cancer in the initiation, progression, and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory actions have been proposed. However, the sheer number of processes by which melatonin is reported to slow cancer development and growth is puzzling. These diverse actions suggest that what is observed are merely epiphenomena of a more fundamental underlying action of melatonin that has yet to be discovered. Some of melatonin's cancer-stopping actions are clearly mediated by membrane receptors, while others are receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitous molecule. While research on melatonin and cancer has focused on the role of indolamine in inhibiting breast cancer, this is rapidly changing, as many other cancers have been shown to be susceptible to melatonin inhibition.
I have taken high-dose melatonin , for 6 years. and prior to that took melatonin for 16 years . It has helped me in many ways , but mostly with insominia . I can sleep 8+ hours a night .
One of life's greatest Joy's is a good, solid night's sleep! To wake up with no matter what may be going on with the feeling to able to take on the world! Not just feeling but knowing, actually having the energy, the clear head through the day! Icing on the cake...this information suggests this indicates such days we are experiencing a healthy, active Immune System protecting us.
To engage in the practices suggested likely increase our bodies "health producing, savings bank for the Immune System and body" to draw from in our most difficult situations.
Words full of wisdom, Just. By the way, a sparrow flew into our living room yesterday. There's a small garden at the entrance to the building, and there are more and more birds because a neighbor is feeding them. We love hearing the birds when we open the window in the morning.
In this review, lack of sleep and insomnia impair patients' quality of life, but the exact influence of these factors on the immune system has only begun to gain interest in recent years. Insomnia is a risk factor for numerous diseases, including common infections and autoimmune diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, these conditions have also been identified as risk factors for other dysfunctions of the immune system, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease, and Hashimoto's disease. The relationship between sleep and immunity is bidirectional, since inflammation can cause drowsiness, but in some pathological conditions, such as a prolonged inflammatory response, it can also disrupt the circadian rhythm. Sleep deprivation causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A study from the University of Rochester (USA), published in “Science Advances,” reports on sleep quality. The depth of sleep can affect our brain's ability to efficiently clear waste and toxic proteins, linking to existing connections between aging, sleep deprivation, and an increased risk of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's. This is because sleep often becomes lighter and more disrupted as we age. This study shows that, "the deeper the sleep, the better," notes the study's lead author, Maiken Nedergaard.
The study shows that the slow and steady cardiac and cardiopulmonary activity associated with deep non-REM sleep is optimal for the function of the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system serves the same function in the brain as the lymphatic system does in the rest of the body. The author of the 2012 discovery was also Maiken Nedergaard, MD, co-director of the University's Center for Neuromedicine. Subsequent work demonstrated that this system functions primarily while we sleep. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/3584/scientists-discover-previously-unknown-cleansing-system-in-brain.aspx .----- As we age, it becomes more difficult to consistently achieve deep, non-REM sleep, which leads to an accumulation of toxic proteins such as beta-amyloid and tau in the brain, associated with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have speculated that the deterioration of the glymphatic system due to sleep disruption could be a determining factor in the disease. The analysis supports the importance of deep sleep for the proper function of the glymphatic system.
Another valuable finding of the study is that, “cognitive impairment after anesthesia and surgery is a significant problem,” acknowledges study co-author Tuomas Lilius of the University of Copenhagen (Denmark). “A significant percentage of elderly people who undergo surgery experience a postoperative period of delirium or have new or worsened cognitive impairment at discharge.”
A bird coming into your home Gui, taking a walk on the "wild side?" Cool Beans. My yearly Spring Summer little Fly Catcher neighbors have returned and set up shop under my outdoor deck. Curious little buggers and fun to watch. Another week and I'll be putting up the Hummingbird feeders. They too are a Joy to observe! All the best to you Gui and all you hold dear!!!
In this wonderful setting, you're sure to enjoy yourself like a child. You can feel happy. Here's a thought to consider: Chronic dissatisfaction largely defines the modern human experience. Despite progress and comfort, a feeling of emptiness persists like a shadow accompanying every achievement. Arthur Schopenhauer, a key 19th-century thinker, summarized this anguish in a phrase that remains devastatingly relevant: "We rarely think about what we have, but always about what we lack."
Like many of Dr Mercola's articles will explain negative products to not use. Rarely will the article give the product to use. Band aids are a prime example. The article shows the ones highest in PFAS, no mention of better ones to use.
Vitamin D is involved in the production of melatonin, a crucial sleep hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. In a way, vitamin D and melatonin are like two sides of the same circadian rhythm coin: daylight stimulates vitamin D production, while darkness stimulates melatonin production. Insufficient melatonin can cause insomnia or sleep disorders, and a common indicator of low melatonin is waking up groggy and unrested in the morning.
https://get-base.com/blog/vitamin-d-sleep (2021)
The serotonergic pathway, highlighting the potential importance of vitamin D supplementation and UVB exposure in regulating serotonin and melatonin.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079220301222 (2021)
Melatonin and vitamin D3 (VD3) had similar absorption rates, but VD3 significantly inhibited melatonin absorption until the melatonin concentration was clearly higher than that of VD3.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpi.12618 (2019)
A 3-week treatment course was initiated with low-dose melatonin (0.5 mg/day) combined with a single administration of oral vitamin D (50,000 IU/week and 1,000 IU/day). Combined vitamin D and melatonin therapy will accumulate therapeutic efficacy and help avoid high doses and long-term treatment courses in chronic insomnia.
https://n.neurology.org/content/90/15_Supplement/P5.320 (2018)
Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are consistent with low levels of melatonin and vitamin D, and also represent risk factors related to the development and maintenance of prevalent acute and chronic pathologies.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960076019305990 (2020)
Melatonin synthesis and secretion are suppressed by light and increased by darkness. Melatonin exerts its effects primarily through different pathways, with the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) being the predominant receptor types, expressed mainly in many mammalian organs. Melatonin helps regulate sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. In addition, melatonin acts as an antioxidant and eliminates excess free radicals generated in the body due to its anti-excitatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin exhibits a wide variety of other functions, including oncostatic, sleep-inducing, immune-regulating, reproductive, puberty-synchronizing, and mood-regulating effects.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10571-023-01324-w (2023)
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-administered questions and 5 questions scored by the patient's partner or roommate.
https://www.sleep.pitt.edu/psqi (2026). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) for insomnia should include cognitive, behavioral, and educational components.
1) Cognitive interventions: Cognitive restructuring attempts to change inaccurate or counterproductive thoughts about sleep.
2) Behavioral interventions: Controlling stimuli before bedtime, sleep restriction and compression, and incorporating relaxation techniques help establish healthy bedtime habits.
3) Providing information about the connection between thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and sleep is fundamental in CBT-I. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) reduces sleep time and improves sleep efficiency, decreasing nighttime awakenings and the severity of insomnia. It reduces cortical hyperactivation during sleep and increases the stability of NREM sleep.
The effects are long-lasting, even after therapy ends. The link is very interesting:
https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia?utm_source=chatgpt.com (2025).—
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945724003587?utm_source=chatgpt.com (2024).--
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-026-03882-1 (2026).-
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945724004994 (2024).- This meta-analysis shows that modern CBT-I applied to depression results in less nighttime anxiety, depression, and rumination.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032724014952?utm_source=chatgpt.com (2025).- In addition to the serotonin-melatonin pathway, recent studies converge on the idea that insomnia is not corrected with "sedation," but rather with a reduction in hyperactivation (cortisol + sympathetic nervous system) and restoration of the GABA system. Sleep improves when the brain stops being in "threat mode" and returns to "GABAergic inhibition mode." GABAergic inhibition is the main mechanism for reducing neuronal excitability in the central nervous system of mammals.
The most recent research (2025-2026) has delved deeper into the connection between the gut-brain axis and how GABA not only calms the mind but also regulates the inflammatory and hormonal response to chronic stress.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-026-03882-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com (2026).—
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40274802/ (2025)
A comprehensive review explaining how GABA produced by the gut microbiota (the "gut-derived GABA") communicates with the central nervous system. It analyzes how this process can break the vicious cycle where stress elevates cortisol, which in turn disrupts sleep and increases emotional vulnerability.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40274802/ (2025)
A comprehensive review explaining how GABA produced by the gut microbiota ("gut-derived GABA") communicates with the central nervous system. It analyzes how this process can break the vicious cycle where stress elevates cortisol, which in turn disrupts sleep and increases emotional vulnerability. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1570173/full (2025)
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/20/10233 (2025)
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06226259 (2026)
Excellent, good links . But I noticed you did not mention Russel Reiter , or Doris LOH (she is on facebook, and post her research papers there) and Russel has been a top researcher of melatonin for 50 years . Doris works with Russel .
Thank you. SHARON, Yes, Russell J. Reiter (University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio) is one of the leading figures in melatonin research, especially in these areas: antioxidants, mitochondria, aging, circadian rhythms, and cancer.
In addition to being absorbed from the bloodstream, melatonin can also be produced in the mitochondria. During evolution, mitochondria likely originated when melatonin-producing bacteria were ingested as food by ancestral prokaryotes. Over time, these bacteria evolved into mitochondria; this is known as the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial origin. In doing so, mitochondria retained the ability to synthesize melatonin. Therefore, melatonin is not only absorbed by mitochondria, but these organelles, in addition to many other functions, likely also produce it. High concentrations of melatonin and its multiple antioxidant actions provide potent antioxidant protection to these organelles, which are exposed to abundant free radicals.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28864909/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11107735/
Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial membranes possess transporters that facilitate the rapid uptake of melatonin by these organelles against a concentration gradient. Furthermore, several years ago we predicted that, due to their origin in melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria likely also synthesize melatonin. Data collected over the past year support this prediction. A high melatonin content in mitochondria would be advantageous, as these organelles produce a large number of free radicals. Therefore, melatonin is optimally positioned to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage. In light of the “free radical theory of aging,” including all its variations, high levels of melatonin in mitochondria would be expected to protect against age-related organ deterioration. Furthermore, there are many age-related diseases in which free radical damage is a contributing factor. The onset or progression of these diseases is likely to be delayed if mitochondrial melatonin levels are maintained into old age.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/2/509
Melatonin is exceptionally effective at reducing oxidative stress in a wide variety of circumstances. It achieves this through several mechanisms: the direct detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and indirectly, by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin has also been reported to chelate transition metals, which participate in the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. By doing so, it reduces the formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, thereby decreasing oxidative stress. The ubiquitous but uneven intracellular distribution of melatonin, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely contributes to its ability to resist oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. There is strong evidence suggesting that melatonin should be classified as a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. Melatonin's ability to prevent oxidative damage and the associated physiological weakening is well-documented in numerous experimental ischemia/reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies, particularly in the brain (stroke) and heart (myocardial infarction).
The ubiquitous but uneven intracellular distribution of melatonin, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely contributes to its ability to resist oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27500468/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23190034/ There is highly credible evidence that melatonin attenuates cancer in the initiation, progression, and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory actions have been proposed. However, the sheer number of processes by which melatonin is reported to slow cancer development and growth is puzzling. These diverse actions suggest that what is observed are merely epiphenomena of a more fundamental underlying action of melatonin that has yet to be discovered. Some of melatonin's cancer-stopping actions are clearly mediated by membrane receptors, while others are receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitous molecule. While research on melatonin and cancer has focused on the role of indolamine in inhibiting breast cancer, this is rapidly changing, as many other cancers have been shown to be susceptible to melatonin inhibition.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/4/843
I have taken high-dose melatonin , for 6 years. and prior to that took melatonin for 16 years . It has helped me in many ways , but mostly with insominia . I can sleep 8+ hours a night .
One of life's greatest Joy's is a good, solid night's sleep! To wake up with no matter what may be going on with the feeling to able to take on the world! Not just feeling but knowing, actually having the energy, the clear head through the day! Icing on the cake...this information suggests this indicates such days we are experiencing a healthy, active Immune System protecting us.
To engage in the practices suggested likely increase our bodies "health producing, savings bank for the Immune System and body" to draw from in our most difficult situations.
Words full of wisdom, Just. By the way, a sparrow flew into our living room yesterday. There's a small garden at the entrance to the building, and there are more and more birds because a neighbor is feeding them. We love hearing the birds when we open the window in the morning.
In this review, lack of sleep and insomnia impair patients' quality of life, but the exact influence of these factors on the immune system has only begun to gain interest in recent years. Insomnia is a risk factor for numerous diseases, including common infections and autoimmune diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, these conditions have also been identified as risk factors for other dysfunctions of the immune system, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease, and Hashimoto's disease. The relationship between sleep and immunity is bidirectional, since inflammation can cause drowsiness, but in some pathological conditions, such as a prolonged inflammatory response, it can also disrupt the circadian rhythm. Sleep deprivation causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/9/2159 (2022).-----
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/904 (2022).----
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2022.2109932 (2022).---
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/PPA.S398188 (2023).---
A study from the University of Rochester (USA), published in “Science Advances,” reports on sleep quality. The depth of sleep can affect our brain's ability to efficiently clear waste and toxic proteins, linking to existing connections between aging, sleep deprivation, and an increased risk of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's. This is because sleep often becomes lighter and more disrupted as we age. This study shows that, "the deeper the sleep, the better," notes the study's lead author, Maiken Nedergaard.
The study shows that the slow and steady cardiac and cardiopulmonary activity associated with deep non-REM sleep is optimal for the function of the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system serves the same function in the brain as the lymphatic system does in the rest of the body. The author of the 2012 discovery was also Maiken Nedergaard, MD, co-director of the University's Center for Neuromedicine. Subsequent work demonstrated that this system functions primarily while we sleep. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/3584/scientists-discover-previously-unknown-cleansing-system-in-brain.aspx .----- As we age, it becomes more difficult to consistently achieve deep, non-REM sleep, which leads to an accumulation of toxic proteins such as beta-amyloid and tau in the brain, associated with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have speculated that the deterioration of the glymphatic system due to sleep disruption could be a determining factor in the disease. The analysis supports the importance of deep sleep for the proper function of the glymphatic system.
Another valuable finding of the study is that, “cognitive impairment after anesthesia and surgery is a significant problem,” acknowledges study co-author Tuomas Lilius of the University of Copenhagen (Denmark). “A significant percentage of elderly people who undergo surgery experience a postoperative period of delirium or have new or worsened cognitive impairment at discharge.”
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/5508/not-all-sleep-is-equal-when-it-comes-to-cleaning-the-brain.aspx (2019).----
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8457 (2022).---
https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-abstract/46/5/zsad011/6995395?redirectedFrom=PDF&login=false (2023).--
A bird coming into your home Gui, taking a walk on the "wild side?" Cool Beans. My yearly Spring Summer little Fly Catcher neighbors have returned and set up shop under my outdoor deck. Curious little buggers and fun to watch. Another week and I'll be putting up the Hummingbird feeders. They too are a Joy to observe! All the best to you Gui and all you hold dear!!!
In this wonderful setting, you're sure to enjoy yourself like a child. You can feel happy. Here's a thought to consider: Chronic dissatisfaction largely defines the modern human experience. Despite progress and comfort, a feeling of emptiness persists like a shadow accompanying every achievement. Arthur Schopenhauer, a key 19th-century thinker, summarized this anguish in a phrase that remains devastatingly relevant: "We rarely think about what we have, but always about what we lack."
Like many of Dr Mercola's articles will explain negative products to not use. Rarely will the article give the product to use. Band aids are a prime example. The article shows the ones highest in PFAS, no mention of better ones to use.
I just thought you’d be interested in this rubbish
https://robertyoho.substack.com/p/435-a-requiem-for-dr-joseph-mercola?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=690651&post_id=193381662&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=1qs7iy&triedRedirect=true&utm_medium=email