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The body's internal clock is naturally aligned with the day-night cycle but circadian rhythms can be altered by exposure to light at night, lack of daylight from travel, work, electronic devices, or an underlying problem. During the day, exposure to light causes the internal clock to send signals that generate alertness and help keep us awake and active. As night falls, the internal clock begins the production of melatonin, which promotes sleep.

We must maintain a healthy circadian rhythm by maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, exposing ourselves to light, and exercising daily. The use of artificial light in our homes and electronic devices has led more people to report less sleep at night, as well as irregular sleep patterns. During sleep, our cells use the rest period to repair damaged cells and regenerate new cells after apoptosis.

Abnormal circadian rhythms as a potential carcinogen, which has increased focus on defining the underlying mechanisms of circadian disruption-induced tumorigenesis. These rhythms arise primarily from the interaction between circadian clocks and sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles. These circadian rhythms may modulate several key aspects of cellular and organ functions with profound implications in cancer treatment.

Circadian rhythm disruption has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing obesity and obesity-related diseases and is closely related to tumorigenesis in breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, liver, lung cancer, kidney cancer and others associated with elevated lipid levels and attenuated lipid signaling, inflammatory responses, insulin resistance and adipokines.

An alteration of the biological clock has been detected in obesity, which causes an increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which is aggravated by the disease itself. Furthermore, disruption of the circadian rhythm could contribute to metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue, thus increasing the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.

Acute disruption of the circadian rhythm may cause temporary discomfort, while long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in dysfunction of the body, increasing the risks of numerous diseases, especially cancers. Several studies have shown a subhealthy lifestyle change, including excessive calorie intake at midnight or continuous caloric intake 24 hours a day, which mimics aspects of shift work and potentially promotes the risk of prostate and breast cancer. mother.

Dysregulation of sleep-wake cycles, such as prolonged sleep deprivation, disrupts the immune system. Hyperphagia and weight gain are closely related to sleep deprivation, overweight or obesity facilitated increased secretion of adipokines and release of macrophages from adipose tissue, triggering chronic inflammation and subsequent oxidative stress and DNA damage contributing to the promotion of cancer.

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