★ Have You Been Eating the Wrong Breakfast All Along?
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Have You Been Eating the Wrong Breakfast All Along?
Branded a villain for generations, this everyday staple may not be the danger - and surprising new evidence suggests it could be part of the protection you’ve been missing.
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Perhaps some of the success is due to choline's protective effect on the liver. Choline is an essential vitamin-like nutrient and methyl donor involved in many physiological processes, including normal metabolism and lipid transport, methylation reactions, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
Choline deficiency causes muscle damage and abnormal fat deposition in the liver, resulting in a condition called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Genetic predispositions and gender may influence individual variation in choline requirements and, therefore, susceptibility to choline-induced fatty liver disease.
The recommended adequate intake (AI) of choline is set at 425 milligrams (mg)/day for women and 550 mg/day for men.
Choline is an essential human nutrient that serves several biological functions. It is a source of methyl groups, a precursor for the synthesis of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, and a precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine is an osmolyte in addition to its function as a methyl group donor. Homocysteine is converted to methionine by acquiring a methyl group. Folate can donate a methyl group to homocysteine; alternatively, choline is converted to betaine, which can donate a methyl group to homocysteine. Extensive epidemiological research has identified low folate intake as a risk factor for neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer. However, epidemiological studies on dietary choline and betaine are few because a food composition database was only recently made available. In a case-control study, higher choline intake was associated with a lower risk of neural tube defects, independent of folate intake.
Choline may also be linked to other diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, through mechanisms unrelated to methyl group metabolism. Higher betaine intake was also associated with improvements in atherosclerosis and fatty liver.
An elevated plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, some types of cancer, and mortality. Many studies have found that the intake of folic acid and vitamins B-6 and B-12, nutrients involved in methyl group metabolism, predicts tHcy concentrations. Choline and betaine intake also predict tHcy concentrations. In our study, to evaluate the physiological role of choline intake in a free-ranging population, we analyzed the relationship between choline intake, measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and total homocysteine plasma concentrations in participants from the Framingham Offspring Study. Several known determinants of total homocysteine (tHcy), including folic acid, vitamin B-6, alcohol, and caffeine intake, predicted tHcy concentrations in this population.
https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline
https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/2430728
Today's second article a case study in why we, (the States,) can't have nice things. We are paying the most to get the worst results for actual Health. And, if things haven't changed, don't even ask what is near the top of what leading cause of death in the U.S.
Just a thought...perhaps we are too busy bragging how we are the richest country in the world, being "efficient" making multi-billionaires and close to creating trillionaires. Yet, at the same time some would say...footing the bill for other countries healthcare costs...but we have no money to do the same at home.
Massive expenses affecting so many levels of Society are preventing providing proper investments Preventing Dis-Ease and providing meaningful employment, building personal and public health. Real Wealth that makes Material Wealth even matter. Massive expenses for Health Insurance when Health Insurance is not healthcare. Massive expenses for meds that do not cure only manage the symptoms of many preventable Dis-Eases...a practice that should be methods of last results and are not healthcare. Massive expenses for Global Monopoly Corporate Captured Institutions to encourage - ahem - Dead End Streets. All could freed up to properly invests in methods of living that Heal and Do Not Steal, increase Real Wealth. Healthy Soils make for Healthy Foods, creating Healthy Foods creates Healthy People, Healthy People make for Healthy Societies. Just Sayn'