The Randle Cycle refers to an antagonism between glucose and fats as fuel, which explains why you can become insulin-resistant if you avoid carbohydrates.
Let's consider a diet that avoids the promotion of endotoxins related to metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Excessive intake of fructose and linoleic acid in the normal human diet is related to a global increase in metabolic disorders. Chronic endotoxemia commonly occurs in obesity and is an important factor inducing systemic inflammation leading to metabolic syndrome. Healthy dietary choices, such as consumption of fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits and berries, may be associated with positive health outcomes. by reducing systemic endotoxemia. Vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet increases the risk of metabolic endotoxemia. In general, phytochemicals reduce endotoxins.
Specific components of the Western diet, such as monosaccharides, processed fats, gluten, alcohol and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability and the movement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria.
In particular, a high-fructose diet can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxins by changing intestinal barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose causes inflammation and de novo lipogenesis. Lipogenesis leads to hepatic steatosis and induces fat deposition in adipose tissue, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues contributes to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway that produces systemic insulin resistance. Additionally, it can cause infertility.
Serum endotoxin levels are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic infections and aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The highest levels of plasma endotoxin are found in patients with sepsis, around 500 pg/ml.
Endotoxin levels in blood plasma are normally low, but rise during infections, intestinal inflammation, gum disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.
The role of endotoxin is not limited to the initial phases of carcinogenesis, but appears to be involved in cancer progression and the development of metastasis.
Increases in blood endotoxin levels were associated with increases in C-reactive protein concentrations and, in most cases, were paralleled by an increase in intestinal permeability markers.
Probiotics help modify the intestinal microbiota, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and are an alternative source of SCFAs and reduce LPS expression, intestinal inflammation and tumor size in CRC. Among them, Akkermansia muciniphila has the ability to reduce the expression of LPS, improving metabolic endotoxemia.
In case of alteration of the intestinal barrier, as occurs with unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption or chronic diseases, the microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract becomes a crucial factor in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. The role of liposaccharide LPS in cancer development is widely recognized, and examples include gastric tumor related to Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, both preceded by prolonged inflammatory injury; Furthermore, the risk of recurrence and development of metastasis appears to be associated with endotoxemia.
The main function of macrophages is to protect organisms from bacterial and viral infections by secreting antimicrobial mediators and proinflammatory cytokines.
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is an adaptive phenomenon of the immune system that protects the host from clinical complications due to repeated exposure of the body to endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since ET is an immunosuppressive mechanism in which significant reprogramming of macrophages is observed, we hypothesized that it could influence cancer development by modifying the tumor environment.
Macrophages, depending on their phenotype, can destroy or stimulate cancer cells. Macrophage-induced endotoxin leads to the release of factors that promote a favorable environment for cancer. These findings highlight the dual nature of ET as a mechanism, potentially contributing to cancer progression.
Colon bacteria contribute a large amount of LPS that could promote colon cancer metastasis. In this study, the effect of LPS on cell viability and the expression of 55 genes at mRNA levels in human colon cancer cells was analyzed. Specify that LPS affects the expression of a series of genes important in inflammatory responses and cancer development. These data suggest that LPS has profound effects on gene expression in human colon cancer cells.
The anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxins. GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to healthy people. These findings demonstrate that GTE rich in catechins is effective in decreasing circulating endotoxins and improving the glycemic control in healthy adults and in people with metabolic syndrome, probably by reducing intestinal inflammation and small intestinal permeability, but without affecting systemic inflammation.
To promote milk production, ruminant animals, such as dairy cows, are fed especially with concentrates that contain a high content of cereals and starch. However, this type of feeding regimen could induce a condition of subacute rumen acidosis. These circumstances cause the lysis of gram-negative bacteria accompanied by the release of endotoxins in the intestine. Intestinal endotoxin could move to the mammary gland, so this condition negatively affects the safety of milk.
This systematic review and meta-analysis marks the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of DF supplementation on metabolic endotoximia (ME). DF is a complex food component comprising carbohydrate polymers and oligomers that cannot be digested in the small intestine; Therefore, it passes to the large intestine preserving its chemical structure. The physicochemical characteristics of LD, such as solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, determine its functionality in the intestine and its accessibility to intestinal microbes. The gut microbiota can partially or completely ferment most soluble fibers, depending on their chemical structure. The above definition has also been confirmed by the International Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) and allows the inclusion of fiber-free substrates in the classification of prebiotics The immune health benefits of inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides ( GOS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have been extensively studied in modulating the response to inflammation.
The interaction between dietary interventions and the gut appears to play an important role in improving MS. Currently, several studies are exploring ways to improve MS by modulating the translocation of LPS from the intestines to the blood circulation for the treatment of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome demonstrated notable improvements in intestinal ecology, intestinal permeability, plasma endotoxin activity, inflammatory markers, and metabolic health, including weight and insulin. sensitivity, lipid profiles and blood pressure.
I have been a paid subscriber to the Mercola archive since the archive went behind the paywall. In the past the original comments to an article were also archived and were available for paid subscribers to view once the article was moved to the archive. I don’t see any link to the original comments on this article. Has posting of the original comments been discontinued?
Let's consider a diet that avoids the promotion of endotoxins related to metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Excessive intake of fructose and linoleic acid in the normal human diet is related to a global increase in metabolic disorders. Chronic endotoxemia commonly occurs in obesity and is an important factor inducing systemic inflammation leading to metabolic syndrome. Healthy dietary choices, such as consumption of fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits and berries, may be associated with positive health outcomes. by reducing systemic endotoxemia. Vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet increases the risk of metabolic endotoxemia. In general, phytochemicals reduce endotoxins.
Specific components of the Western diet, such as monosaccharides, processed fats, gluten, alcohol and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability and the movement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria.
In particular, a high-fructose diet can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxins by changing intestinal barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose causes inflammation and de novo lipogenesis. Lipogenesis leads to hepatic steatosis and induces fat deposition in adipose tissue, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues contributes to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway that produces systemic insulin resistance. Additionally, it can cause infertility.
Serum endotoxin levels are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic infections and aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The highest levels of plasma endotoxin are found in patients with sepsis, around 500 pg/ml.
Endotoxin levels in blood plasma are normally low, but rise during infections, intestinal inflammation, gum disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.
The role of endotoxin is not limited to the initial phases of carcinogenesis, but appears to be involved in cancer progression and the development of metastasis.
Increases in blood endotoxin levels were associated with increases in C-reactive protein concentrations and, in most cases, were paralleled by an increase in intestinal permeability markers.
Probiotics help modify the intestinal microbiota, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and are an alternative source of SCFAs and reduce LPS expression, intestinal inflammation and tumor size in CRC. Among them, Akkermansia muciniphila has the ability to reduce the expression of LPS, improving metabolic endotoxemia.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978718/ (2012).---
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06885-7 (2017).--
https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/abs/10.1024/0300-9831/a000801?journalCode=vit (2023).---
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1177050/full (2023).----
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531723000088 (2023).---
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/267 (2023)
https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mds.29432 (2023).--
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002231662304525X (2023)
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/19/3706 (2023)
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(22)01110-7/fulltext (2023)
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/267 (2023)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002231662304525X (2023)
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/19/3706 (2023)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023061042 (2023)
In case of alteration of the intestinal barrier, as occurs with unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption or chronic diseases, the microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract becomes a crucial factor in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. The role of liposaccharide LPS in cancer development is widely recognized, and examples include gastric tumor related to Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, both preceded by prolonged inflammatory injury; Furthermore, the risk of recurrence and development of metastasis appears to be associated with endotoxemia.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/267 (2023).---
The main function of macrophages is to protect organisms from bacterial and viral infections by secreting antimicrobial mediators and proinflammatory cytokines.
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is an adaptive phenomenon of the immune system that protects the host from clinical complications due to repeated exposure of the body to endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since ET is an immunosuppressive mechanism in which significant reprogramming of macrophages is observed, we hypothesized that it could influence cancer development by modifying the tumor environment.
Macrophages, depending on their phenotype, can destroy or stimulate cancer cells. Macrophage-induced endotoxin leads to the release of factors that promote a favorable environment for cancer. These findings highlight the dual nature of ET as a mechanism, potentially contributing to cancer progression.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/20/5113 (2023).---
Colon bacteria contribute a large amount of LPS that could promote colon cancer metastasis. In this study, the effect of LPS on cell viability and the expression of 55 genes at mRNA levels in human colon cancer cells was analyzed. Specify that LPS affects the expression of a series of genes important in inflammatory responses and cancer development. These data suggest that LPS has profound effects on gene expression in human colon cancer cells.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-023-06506-9 (2023).----
The anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxins. GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to healthy people. These findings demonstrate that GTE rich in catechins is effective in decreasing circulating endotoxins and improving the glycemic control in healthy adults and in people with metabolic syndrome, probably by reducing intestinal inflammation and small intestinal permeability, but without affecting systemic inflammation.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531724000204 (2024).---
To promote milk production, ruminant animals, such as dairy cows, are fed especially with concentrates that contain a high content of cereals and starch. However, this type of feeding regimen could induce a condition of subacute rumen acidosis. These circumstances cause the lysis of gram-negative bacteria accompanied by the release of endotoxins in the intestine. Intestinal endotoxin could move to the mammary gland, so this condition negatively affects the safety of milk.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010124002319 (2024).---
This systematic review and meta-analysis marks the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of DF supplementation on metabolic endotoximia (ME). DF is a complex food component comprising carbohydrate polymers and oligomers that cannot be digested in the small intestine; Therefore, it passes to the large intestine preserving its chemical structure. The physicochemical characteristics of LD, such as solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, determine its functionality in the intestine and its accessibility to intestinal microbes. The gut microbiota can partially or completely ferment most soluble fibers, depending on their chemical structure. The above definition has also been confirmed by the International Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) and allows the inclusion of fiber-free substrates in the classification of prebiotics The immune health benefits of inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides ( GOS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have been extensively studied in modulating the response to inflammation.
The interaction between dietary interventions and the gut appears to play an important role in improving MS. Currently, several studies are exploring ways to improve MS by modulating the translocation of LPS from the intestines to the blood circulation for the treatment of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome demonstrated notable improvements in intestinal ecology, intestinal permeability, plasma endotoxin activity, inflammatory markers, and metabolic health, including weight and insulin. sensitivity, lipid profiles and blood pressure.
https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/6/5/84 (2023).---
I have been a paid subscriber to the Mercola archive since the archive went behind the paywall. In the past the original comments to an article were also archived and were available for paid subscribers to view once the article was moved to the archive. I don’t see any link to the original comments on this article. Has posting of the original comments been discontinued?