Evidence is demonstrating that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to obesity, diabetes, and chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction is caused by poor nutrition. highly processed and pesticide-contaminated diet, load of refined sugars, linoleic acid and additives, vaccines, fluoridated and contaminated water, stress, sedentary life, etc.,
Mitochondria are involved in heat production, calcium storage, apoptosis, cell signaling, biosynthesis, and aging. Inflammatory mediators have an established role in inducing insulin resistance and promoting hyperglycemia. It has been argued that hyperglycemia drives immune cell dysfunction as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and increases in ROS are adaptations that take shape as mitochondria abdicate their adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-producing function (which is taken over by glycolysis) and instead “reequips” to perform an immunological function. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic stress, and genomic instability are common comorbid biological characteristics among older people.
In this review of the first article, three main problems facing the aging immune system are discussed: (1) inflammatory aging (IA); (2) susceptibility to infection and (3) decreased T cell function. AI increases morbidity and mortality in older adults, and almost all diseases of aging share an inflammatory pathogenesis that includes neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Mitochondria participate in the differentiation and activation processes of immune cells. Immune cells have a high need for energy. In pro-inflammatory cells, such as activated monocytes and activated T and B cells, energy is generated by increasing glycolysis, while in regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells or macrophages, energy is generated by increasing mitochondrial function and beta-oxidation. During an infection, mitochondria release mitochondrial danger-associated molecules (DAMPs). These mitochondrial DAMPs have a specific structure and have been shown to reach elevated levels during severe unwanted inflammatory events.
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity has been reported. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to deficient NAD+ production in inflammatory T cells. NAM could have a therapeutic role against neurodegeneration and cancer.
Additional support for mitochondrial function includes acetyl-L-carnitine, nicotinamide, Q10, pyrroloquinoline quinone, vitamin C, choline, NADH, α-lipoic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, resveratrol, N-acetylcysteine, magnesium, and a multivitamin and quality mineral. In the following link more references:
Evidence is demonstrating that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to obesity, diabetes, and chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction is caused by poor nutrition. highly processed and pesticide-contaminated diet, load of refined sugars, linoleic acid and additives, vaccines, fluoridated and contaminated water, stress, sedentary life, etc.,
Mitochondria are involved in heat production, calcium storage, apoptosis, cell signaling, biosynthesis, and aging. Inflammatory mediators have an established role in inducing insulin resistance and promoting hyperglycemia. It has been argued that hyperglycemia drives immune cell dysfunction as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and increases in ROS are adaptations that take shape as mitochondria abdicate their adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-producing function (which is taken over by glycolysis) and instead “reequips” to perform an immunological function. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic stress, and genomic instability are common comorbid biological characteristics among older people.
In this review of the first article, three main problems facing the aging immune system are discussed: (1) inflammatory aging (IA); (2) susceptibility to infection and (3) decreased T cell function. AI increases morbidity and mortality in older adults, and almost all diseases of aging share an inflammatory pathogenesis that includes neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/8/2/26 (2018).---
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bies.201800260 (2019).---
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acel.13942 (2024).--
Mitochondria participate in the differentiation and activation processes of immune cells. Immune cells have a high need for energy. In pro-inflammatory cells, such as activated monocytes and activated T and B cells, energy is generated by increasing glycolysis, while in regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells or macrophages, energy is generated by increasing mitochondrial function and beta-oxidation. During an infection, mitochondria release mitochondrial danger-associated molecules (DAMPs). These mitochondrial DAMPs have a specific structure and have been shown to reach elevated levels during severe unwanted inflammatory events.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443920301927 (2020).--
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300483X17302159 (2017).--
https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/51/2/735/232850/Mitochondrial-DNA-as-inflammatory-DAMP-a-warning (2023).---
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-022-00760-x (2023).---
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity has been reported. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to deficient NAD+ production in inflammatory T cells. NAM could have a therapeutic role against neurodegeneration and cancer.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002084 (2023).---
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/477 (2020).----
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mc.23673 (2024).---
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473119/ (2018).—
Additional support for mitochondrial function includes acetyl-L-carnitine, nicotinamide, Q10, pyrroloquinoline quinone, vitamin C, choline, NADH, α-lipoic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, resveratrol, N-acetylcysteine, magnesium, and a multivitamin and quality mineral. In the following link more references:
33 NATURAL WAYS TO IMPROVE MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION
https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-ways-to-improve-mitochondrial-function/ (2022). .---
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104908 (2018).--
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-73344-9_9 (2018).---