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The large amount of data available in the literature provides clear evidence of its significant effects on perioperative emotional distress, pain, medication consumption, physiological parameters, duration of surgery, and outcome.

Hypnosis has long had a role in anesthesiology and pain treatment. James Esdaile, a Scottish surgeon, used hypnosis (then known as "mesmerism") in hospitals in India and performed 261 painless surgeries using hypnosis, described in his book Mesmerism in India and its Practical Application in Surgery and Medicine (1). . . The introduction of chloroform and ether into medical practice in India in 1848 reduced the impact of Esdaile's discoveries. The first documented application of hypnosis in dentistry was a tooth extraction under hypnotic anesthesia, reported in 1829 ( 7 ). In 1900, dentists routinely used hypnosis to control the fears and pain of dental patients. Today, hypnosis is widely used by dentists to effectively moderate fears of dental procedures, excessive gag reflex, treat orofacial pain conditions, moderate bleeding and salivary flow, and control pain during procedures. Hypnotic strategies such as distraction, reframing, and imagery are also useful in the treatment of pediatric patients. Not all human beings respond equally well to hypnotic intervention. Researcher Ernest Hilgard defined hypnotic susceptibility as an “ability in which men differ, just as they differ in intelligence or athletic ability.” Hypnotic ability is a relatively stable and measurable trait throughout human life.

In the 1840s, Scottish neurosurgeon James Braid developed a technique of deep relaxation and visual fixation to guide patients into trance and help relieve their pain. He coined the term "hypnosis" and defined it as "the induction of a habit of mental abstraction or concentration, in which... the powers of the mind are so absorbed in a single idea or sequence of thought, that... unconscious or indifferently aware of all other ideas, impressions or lines of thought.”

Led by Lorenzo Cohen, Ph.D., director of the Integrative Medicine Program at MD Anderson, the ongoing clinical trial aims to determine whether a deep relaxation method, called hypnosedation, is safe and effective for patients with stage 0/1 . breast cancer undergoing lumpectomies with or without sentinel lymph node dissections. The study, still in its pilot phase, will examine 50 patients randomly selected to receive general anesthesia or a combination of local anesthesia and hypnosedation before and during surgery.

Medical hypnosis has been used in our clinic for cardiac surgery patients because it can be used in all phases of surgical care, it is well suited for addressing overwhelming emotions, it can also be performed when two-way verbal communication and cognitive function are impaired, it can Its effects can be quite rapid, patients can learn some forms of self-help, and it includes many techniques that are easily combined into personalized therapy toolkits.

https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/27360/html (2019).--

https://www.tmc.edu/news/2018/03/hypnosis-operating-room/ (2018).--

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27575449/ (2016).--

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735813000457 (2013).--

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356392/full (2024).--

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