this overview identified 39 meta-analyses on the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and health outcomes. We updated all meta-analyses including 122 individual articles on 49 unique health outcomes. Most of the included studies divided UPF consumption into quartiles, with the lowest quartile being the reference group. We identified 25 health outcomes associated with UPF consumption. For observational studies, 2 health outcomes, including decreased kidney function (OR: 1.25) and wheezing in children and adolescents (OR: 1.42), showed compelling evidence (Class I); and five outcomes with highly suggestive evidence (Class II) were reported, including diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, depression, and common mental disorders. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561424001225 (2024).--
this overview identified 39 meta-analyses on the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and health outcomes. We updated all meta-analyses including 122 individual articles on 49 unique health outcomes. Most of the included studies divided UPF consumption into quartiles, with the lowest quartile being the reference group. We identified 25 health outcomes associated with UPF consumption. For observational studies, 2 health outcomes, including decreased kidney function (OR: 1.25) and wheezing in children and adolescents (OR: 1.42), showed compelling evidence (Class I); and five outcomes with highly suggestive evidence (Class II) were reported, including diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, depression, and common mental disorders. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561424001225 (2024).--