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The so-called “chromanol” head is the fundamental unit of vitamin E, and is also the site of antioxidant activity. Vitamin E is made up of four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta).

The slight difference between tocotrienols and tocopherols is in the unsaturated side chain which has three double bonds in its farnesyl isoprenoid tail.

Dr. Lester Packer of the University of California/Berkeley reports tocotrienol's superior antioxidant capacity is attributed to its greater flexibility, allowing greater mobility to cover a greater surface area of cell membranes.

Tocotrienols safely address all three areas of atherogenic dyslipidemia: reduction in triglyceride levels, moderate increase in HDL cholesterol. Additionally, there is evidence in animal studies that tocotrienol reduces blood pressure, arterial plaques, adhesion molecules, and blood sugar, all signs of metabolic syndrome.

Tocotrienols complement the health benefits of tocopherols. While alpha-tocotrienol is highly effective in the brain for cerebral ischemia, gamma and delta tocotrienol exhibit greater anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The chemosensitizing property of tocotrienol is exhibited by modulating various signaling pathways and molecular targets involved in the survival, proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of cancer cells,

There is groundbreaking research showing that vitamin E and especially tocotrienols can improve fatty liver disease and protect liver function.

Vitamin E and especially tocotrienols protect neurons, prevent neuronal cell death, beneficially inhibit cholesterol and alter its fractions, and dampen inappropriate inflammation, including reduction of atherogenic lipoprotein, also inhibiting adhesion molecules sticky veins present in the first stage of atherosclerosis.

Vitamin E deficiency can cause anemia, eye disorders such as retinitis and macular degeneration. Vitamin E related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the pathways used to induce microglia-mediated neuroprotection.

Tocotrienols promote arterial health and reduce bacterial infections in atherosclerotic tissue. δ-Tocotrienol in combination with resveratrol improves cardiometabolic risk factors and biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome. Tocotrienols are capable of inhibiting the growth of various cancers, including breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, liver, brain, colon, myeloma, and pancreas. Evidence has revealed that tocotrienol is more beneficial compared to tocopherol and has great potential to improve diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

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