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Lead's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is largely due to its ability to replace calcium ions. This review extensively reports that lead-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Additionally, lead exposure can have genotoxic effects, especially in the brain, bone marrow, liver and lung cells. Lead induces apoptosis, inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, autophagy and glial stress.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691521000971 (2022).----

Children can be exposed to lead in several places. It can be found in many consumer products, such as water pipes, paint, food cans, spices, cosmetics and traditional medicines. The most difficult sources to see include air, water, food, toys, and even the mud that children play in. Lead is also used in industries such as mining and battery recycling. Unborn children can also be exposed to lead through their mothers' exposure, with adverse impacts on development.

Pure Earth, the Clarios Foundation and UNICEF launched the Protecting Every Child's Potential (PECP) initiative in October 2020. PECP recognizes that protecting children from lead exposure.

PECP works in partnership with local and national governments, businesses, the United Nations, academia and civil society to reduce lead exposure. UNICEF also advocates for reducing childhood lead exposure as a member of the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint. The alliance promotes the phasing out of paints containing lead by adopting lead paint laws.

https://www.unicef.org/stories/7-things-know-about-lead-exposure,---

Is it possible to obtain less polluting foundries?

Acid rain can occur as a result of sulfuric acid fog that forms in these smelting plants and permeates the atmosphere. Water from the smelting process usually requires cleaning in a wastewater treatment plant through neutralization and precipitation of specific ions. Gypsum (CaSO4), metal hydroxides and sulfides are the main residues of these systems. These wastewater and liquid effluent treatment waters contain various hazardous chemicals, such as chromium and lead. When metals are melted, a particular slag is generated that closely resembles a volcanic rock and comprises significant concentrations of a number of potentially toxic elements, including copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, cadmium and barium. Studies have shown that when slag releases these elements into the environment under natural weathering conditions, contamination of soils, surface water and groundwater can occur.

Modern technologies are important to reduce or even prevent widespread pollution from foundries. Unlike early smelting, most of the sulfur dioxide generated today is initially captured before emission through the application of new equipment such as electrostatic precipitators. This machine is commonly used to capture dust particles and return them to the process. In addition, the recycling of lead batteries and aluminum cans and the use of alternative raw materials reduces the demand to process the mineral, which also contributes to the reduction of water pollution.

https://www.andersoneng.com/mining-smelters-water-pollution-and-environmental-remediation/#:~:text=Smelting%20processes%20release%20air%20emissions,plants%20that%20permeates%20the%20atmosphere.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN LESS POLLUTING FOUNDRIE

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